城市供水漏失及对策讨论

城市供水漏失问题是一个普遍现象,目前还没有好的解决办法。本文分析了城市供水漏失的几条途径,提出了用科学、经济、法律的手段解决城市供水漏失问题的观点。     

Effect of irradiation and packaging type on sensory quality of chill-stored turkey breast fillets

A panel of experienced assessors was used to test the effect of irradiation at 2.5kGy (250krad) on the sensory quality of 1-day and 21-day-old turkey breast fillets stored at 1°C in either oxygen-permeable polythene or an oxygen-impermeable barrier film. In the application of Free Choice Profiling and Generalized Procrustes Analysis, assessors used their own terms to describe the appearance, odour and flavour of the samples.
The irradiated samples showed negligible growth of micro-organisms across 21 days of storage. Radiation treatment resulted in an intense pink colour in the raw and cooked samples, which was maintained during storage in oxygen-impermeable film, but decreased in samples exposed to oxygen during storage. Radiation also produced a set of unpleasant raw odour notes variously described as sour, rancid, mature, bad meat or putrid in the samples stored in oxygen-impermeable film. These notes were unlike the sulphurous notes previously associated with protein denaturation in irradiated chicken and were apparently distinct from the odour notes that developed in corresponding non-irradiated samples.     

浅析如何对科研人员进行有效的激励

立足于从研究科研管理人员在科研管理工作的功能和角色，分析科研管理过程中常见的一些问题，利用现代管理理论，从激励方面寻找适宜的解决办法，同时结合作者多年的科研管理经验，提出了在科研院所中有效的激励机制和原则。     

体现科学发展观的李仙江土卡河水电站设计

云南李仙江土卡河水电站设计和建设过程中，遵照科学发展观，注意处理好坝址选择与环境保护的关系、工程设计与资源节约的关系，依靠自主创新，做好优化设计，精心打造了一个资源节约型与环境友好型的水电站，为促进水电建设走上可持续发展的康庄大道积累了经验。     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging Affects Ascorbic Acid, Enzyme Activity and Market Quality of Broccoli

Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content, total chlorophyll and green color retention, enzyme activities and texture changes were followed in broccoli spears packaged in polymeric film and nonpackaged during 96 hr storage (10°C). Concentrations within packages monitored by gas chromatography were (CO₂,) 8% and (0²) 10%. RAA retention, moisture content, total chlorophyll and color retention were greater in packaged broccoli. No differences were found between packaged and nonpackaged broccoli for ascorbate oxidase and peroxidase activities, or texture.     

Storage Changes of Fresh and Pasteurized Blue Crab Meat in Different Types of Packaging

We investigated pasteurization and storage of blue crabmeat in steel cans, aluminum cans, plastic cans, nonbarrier pouches, and barrier pouches. Fresh meat was packed in copolymer polyethylene/polypro-pylene cups, Saran® over-wrapped or vacuum skin packaged polystyrene trays, and nonbarrier pouches. Meat pasteurized in plastic and aluminum cans had better sensory and microbiological quality and longer shelf life than meat packed in steel cans. Oxygen-barrier pouches had the lowest quality and shortest shelf life. Nonbarrier pouches had product with quality similar to meat in steel cans, but with an extended shelf life. No packaging materials improved the microbiological shelf life of freshly cooked meat. Vacuum skin packaging resulted in improved sensory qualities of freshly cooked and picked meat.     

Bivariate Scientific Function Finding in a Sampled,Real-Data Testbed

This article reports the results of a study of domain-independent function finding based on a collection of several hundred real scientific data sets. Prior studies have introduced the controversial idea of discovering functional relationships of interest to scientists directly from the data they collect. The evidence presented here supports the view that this is sometimes possible, but it also suggests how often purely data-driven discovery is not possible and how much more difficult it may be than has often been assumed. Experience with sampled examples of real scientific data suggests as well that emphasis on search in prior studies may have been misplaced. For the function-finding problems studied here, scientists typically propose only a handful of different functional relationships. The difficulty is not in searching through a large space of relationships but in evaluating a few common ones to determine if they are likely to be of scientific interest.     

浅析广告创意产生的过程

文章将广告创意的产生分为准备、分析、顿悟和评估四个阶段,针对每个阶段的工作重点、工作方法进行阐述,涉及到多种思维方式和创意技巧,旨在说明创意不能仅靠天赋,更应源于科学的方法和步骤。     

基于科学工作流的组织层级比较分析

基于一个专门程序环境的科学工作流,对组织层级的比较分析进行了研究。结合科学工作流在s．P树变换与测度中的运用,为组织层级的比较分析提供了系统科学的处理办法：通过对不同组织层级之间的最小变换进行测度,为组织变革的代价提供一定程度的参考。     

长江科学院野外科学观测与科学考察回顾及展望

野外科学观测与科学考察既是基础性科技工作,又是自主创新突破口。近年来,长江科学院设立了野外科学观测中心,初步形成覆盖长江流域,涵盖生态、环境、资源及灾害防治等领域的野外科学观测研究站网体系,持续开展长江流域野外科学观测和多专业综合性科学考察。回顾了长江科学院野外科学观测和科学考察的发展历程,从基础条件、观测成果、科技支撑、骨干队伍以及社会影响等方面,系统总结了长江科学院在野外科学观测与科学考察方面取得的成绩。未来将着重做好基础设施建设、长期观测与考察、科学研究与示范、合作交流以及人才队伍建设等方面工作,以期为长江流域高质量发展提供支撑。