基于计数排序的最小种子集贪心算法

网络最小种子集问题与网络影响最大化问题相关,研究的是对于具有节点阈值的网络,构造网络的最小节点子集,使得如果这个子集中的节点是活的,则在给定的影响传播模型下整个网络都受到影响。为此提出了新的贪心算法,以节点的度与阈值的差为关键值对网络节点进行计数排序,然后取值最小的节点进行处理。新算法在时间复杂度上改进了基于最小堆的种子点选取算法。在简单多数阈值模型上针对经典的无标度网络得到了所构造的种子集规模上界。实验在随机生成网络和一些实际网络数据集上进行,结果表明所提方法的有效性,特别在无标度网络上生成的种子集具有比相关算法更小的规模。     

超声场对亚临界CO2萃取葵花籽油的影响

以葵花籽为原料,研究了超声场对亚临界CO2萃取葵花籽油的影响。实验结果表明,超声场能够明显提高亚临界CO2萃取葵花籽油萃取率,在压力为25 MPa、温度为30 ℃、流速为 3 L/h时,萃取240 min后超声作用（100 W/L、4 s/ 6s）和未加超声的萃取率分别为94.81%和74.82%;超声功率密度和频率对萃取率具有较大影响,随着超声功率密度的增大,萃取率增加,而20 kHz与38 kHz超声相比,20 kHz超声对萃取更为有利;采用4 s/6 s的超声辐射方式比较合理;超声作用起始时间对葵花籽油萃取率也有一定的影响。GC/MS结果显示超声作用没有改变葵花籽油组成成分以及各成分的结构。提出了超声强化的可能机理是超声波动效应和热效应。     

常压混合脱硅工艺生产种分精液

本文介绍了碳分、种分工艺对精液硅量指数A/S的不同要求,认为种分精液单独生产是很有必要的.本文从理论上分析了目前所应用的脱硅工艺,提出了一种常压生产种分精液的方法-常压混合脱硅工艺,并对某厂采用此工艺进行种分精液生产的情况进行了简单的介绍.     

Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles with "core-shell" type structure by seed mediated catalytic growth

The colloidal Au core/Ag shell structure composite nanoparticles were synthesized in PEG-acetone solution by photochemical route. The monodispersed Au nanoparticles with average diameter of 3.9 nm were used as growth seeds. The optical property of colloids and the sizes of composite nanoparticles were characterized when the molar ratio of Au to Ag ranges from 4 : 1 to 1 : 4. The results show that a composite nanoparticle structure similar to strawberry shape is formed at the molar ratio of Au to Ag from 4 : 1 to 1 : 1; the composite nanoparticles consisting of a core of Au and shell of Ag were generated at the 1: 4 molar ratio, having a striking feature of forming interconnected network structure.     

超细氢氧化铝晶种制备技术研究

用一种含Al2O3的非晶质浆液与烧结法铝酸钠精制液以一定比例混合，使溶液具有极大的过饱和度，从而自发分解产出平均拉径在0．5μm以下、高分散性、其具有极为发达表面和甚多活性点的超细氢氧化铝晶种，以此超细氢氧化铝作晶种用种分制取粒度和化学组成都符合指标要求的超细氢氧化铝。     

不同灌溉量对退化草地的生态恢复作用

在希拉穆仁草原进行了为期3年的草地灌溉试验,对测试的试验地在灌溉3年期间及停灌后1年内进行了植被调查和土壤种子库发芽试验,结果表明：一是灌溉可以明显提高草地植被的生产性能且不同灌溉量间并无明显差异。当停止灌溉后,原灌溉样地的植被生产性能均略低于无灌溉对照区,且不同灌溉量间也无明显差异。二是不同灌溉量样地植被物种组成与无灌溉对照区的Bray-curtis相似性系数始终保持在0.8左右,表明灌溉期间群落结构并未发生很大变化。当停止灌溉后,原灌溉样地与无灌溉对照区的Bray-curtis相似性系数下降为充足灌溉区0.61和中度灌溉区0.55,表明灌溉对植物的生存策略有一定的影响且不同灌溉量基本相同。三是土壤中的种子总数量有所增加,但物种的数量有所减少。充足灌溉样地土壤种子库情况略差于无灌溉对照区,中度灌溉样地则略好于无灌溉对照区,表明不同灌溉量对植物的繁殖策略有一定的影响。     

一种变形表面的三维测量方法

提出一种新的利用标定图像进行三维测量的方法。利用SIFT算法找到初始的对应点,然后根据这些点生成三维空间中的种子点,再以这些种子点为中心,向外区域增长,直到完成整个物体表面测量。在每次增长的过程中,需要计算增长的三维空间平面在两个相机上的投影之间的图像相关系数。图像相关系数较大时认为是正确的增长,否则是错误的增长。实验证明,使用该方法能够得到很好的三维测量结果。     

使用线段表实现线段编码与种子填充快速算法

在图像处理中常用水平线段集表示区域,提出了一种采用线段表结构来表示区域,并给出使用线段表改进传统像素标记与种子填充算法的快速算法。该算法中,线段表的每个表项对应一条水平线段,它包含L、xL、xR、y和F 5个参数,即表示上下线段连通关系的标记,左、右端点的x坐标,线段的y坐标与表示线段特征或类型的标志。具有相同标记的线段表表项构成连通区域。以线段表为基础,水平与垂直方向的连通检测可分别进行,水平方向可通过行程编码实现,垂直方向则通过比较上下线段的端点坐标来确定。线段编码是像素标记的改进,由行程编码、线段标记、统一标记与标记排序4个步骤组成。采用线段表结构后,线段编码中利用桶排序,种子填充新算法中,利用队列结构并避免重复扫描来提高效率,与轮廓填充算法相比较效率都可提高近一倍。     

Detecting Overlapping Community Structures in Networks

Community structure has been recognized as an important statistical feature of networked systems over the past decade. A lot of work has been done to discover isolated communities from a network, and the focus was on developing of algorithms with high quality and good performance. However, there is less work done on the discovery of overlapping community structure, even though it could better capture the nature of network in some real-world applications. For example, people are always provided with varying characteristics and interests, and are able to join very different communities in their social network. In this context, we present a novel overlapping community structures detecting algorithm which first finds the seed sets by the spectral partition and then extends them with a special random walks technique. At every expansion step, the modularity function Q is chosen to measure the expansion structures. The function has become one of the popular standards in community detecting and is defined in Newman and Girvan (Phys. Rev. 69:026113, 2004). We also give a theoretic analysis to the whole expansion process and prove that our algorithm gets the best community structures greedily. Extensive experiments are conducted in real-world networks with various sizes. The results show that overlapping is important to find the complete community structures and our method outperforms the C-means in quality.     

Up in smoke: I. Smoke-derived germination cues for postfire annual,Nicotiana attenuata torr. Ex. Watson

Some postfire annuals with dormant seeds use heat or chemical cues from charred wood to synchronize their germination with the postfire environment. We report that wood smoke and polar extracts of wood smoke, but not the ash of burned wood, contain potent cue(s) that stimulate germination in the postfire annual plant,Nicotiana attenuata. We examined the responses of seeds from six populations of plants from southwest Utah to extracts of smoke and found the proportion of viable seeds that germinated in the presence of smoke cues to vary between populations but to be consistent between generations. With the most dormant genotypes, we examine three mechanisms by which smoke-derived chemical cues may stimulate germination (chemical scarification of the seed coat and nutritive- and signal-mediated stimulation of germination) and report that the response is consistent with the signal-mediated mechanism. The germination cue(s) found in smoke are produced by the burning of hay, hardwood branches, leaves, and, to a lesser degree, cellulose. Moreover, the cues are found in the common food condiment, liquid smoke, and we find no significant differences between brands. With a bioassay-driven fractionation of liquid smoke, we identified 71 compounds in active fractions by GC-MS and AA spectrometry. However, when these compounds were tested in pure form or in combinations that mimicked the composition of active fractions over a range of concentrations, they failed to stimulate germination to the same degree that smoke fractions did. Moreover, enzymatic oxidation of some of these compounds also failed to stimulate germination. In addition, we tested 43 additional compounds also reported from smoke, 85 compounds that were structurally similar to those reported from smoke and 34 compounds reported to influence germination in other species. Of the 233 compounds tested, 16 proved to inhibit germination at the concentrations tested, and none reproduced the activity of wood smoke. By thermally desorbing smoke produced by cellulose combustions that was trapped on Chromosorb 101, we demonstrate that the cue is desorbed between 125 and 150°C. We estimate that the germination cues are active at concentrations of less than 1 pg/seed and, due to their chromatographic behavior, infer that a number of different chemical structures are active. In separate experiments, we demonstrate that cues remain active for at least 53 days in soil under greenhouse conditions and that the application of aqucous extracts of smoke to soil containing seeds results in dramatic increases in germination of artificial seed banks. Hence, although the chemical nature of the germination cue remains elusive, the stability of the germination cues, their water-solubility, and their activity in low concentrations suggest that these cues could serve as powerful tools for the examination of dormant seed banks and the selective factors thought to be important in the evolution of postfire plant communities.