Thermally Responsive Fibers for Versatile Thermoactivated Protective Fabrics

Smart textiles with good mechanical adaptability play an important role in personal protection, health monitoring, and aerospace applications. However, most of the reported thermally responsive polymers has long response time and poor processability, comfort, and wearability. Skin-core structures of thermally responsive fibers with multiple commercial fiber cores and temperature-responsive hydrogel skins are designed and fabricated, which exhibit rapid mechanical adaptability, good thermohardening, and thermal insulation. This universal method enables tight bonding between various commercial fiber cores and hydrogel skins via specific covalently anchored networks. At room temperature, prepared fibers show softness, flexibility, and skin compatibility similar to those of ordinary fibers. As temperature rises, smart fibers become hard, rigid, and self-supporting. The modulus of hydrogel skin increases from 304% to 30883%, showing good mechanoadaptability and impact resistance owing to the synergy between hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonding. Moreover, this synergistic effect leads to an increase in heat absorption, and fibers exhibit good thermal insulation, which reduces the contact temperature of the body surface by ≈25 °C under the external temperature of 95 °C, effectively preventing thermal burns. Notably, the active mechanoadaptability of these smart fibers using conductive fibers as cores is demonstrated. This study provides feasibility for fabricating environmentally adaptive intelligent textiles.     

Relaxation-Induced Significant Room-Temperature Dielectric Pulsing Effects

Thermo-responsive dielectric materials are in urgent demand owing to the rapid development of smart electronic/electrical systems. Although different types and structures of thermally responsive dielectric materials have been continuously reported, their dielectric response behaviors all originate from thermodynamic phase transitions. Herein, it is demonstrated that structural relaxation in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a non-thermodynamic phase transition, can induce a significant thermal dielectric pulse at room temperature. The dielectric pulse strength of up to 6.3 × 10⁵ at 20 Hz, with a dielectric pulsing temperature of 24 °C, is achieved from polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PVDF coaxial nanofibrous films (PVDF@PEG), fabricated via a continuous blow spinning method. Moreover, the films exhibit excellent flexibility, adjustable strength and toughness, switchable hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and effective thermal management capability. The relaxation-induced dielectric pulsing effect, outstanding multifunctionality, and simple preparation combine to promote further scalability and prospects of PVDF@PEG. In particular, the work contributes to the discovery of the relaxation-induced dielectric response mechanism, which provides a new strategy for the generation of thermo-responsive dielectric materials.     

Plasmon-Assisted Self-Encrypted All-Optical Memory

All-optical responsive nanomaterials, which can rapidly switch between two stable states, have been regarded as the next-generation memories due to their potential to realize binary information storage and implement on-chip, integrated photonic neuromorphic systems. Rare earth oxides are preeminent candidates owing to their extraordinary luminescent stability and narrow optical transitions. However, due to the lack of simple and effective optical switches, it is difficult to realize all-optical data storage, encoding, and retrieval by pure rare earth-doped luminescent nanoparticles. Here, a rapid and high-contrast of 10⁴ luminescent switching of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticle between the enhancement and quenching states is achieved by employing the strong light confinement and ultrafast thermal response of localized surface plasmon resonance. A self-encrypted all-optical memory is presented with optical information writing, encryption, reading, and re-writing, and a high-sensitivity synaptic response of emitters to frequency and light intensity flux, which can be harnessed to encrypt information flows and promote convenient and high-security information encryption. Such a convenient and secure plasmonic thermally assisted self-encrypting luminescent switch paves the way for constructing high-performance stimuli-responsive rare earth oxide crystals on demand and expanding their applications in various data encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and rewritable colouration devices.     

以图像为主的多模态感知与多源融合技术发展及应用综述

不同模态的表现方式不同,描述目标的角度也会不同。多模态感知与多源融合技术是将两种或两种以上的模态组合起来,融合不同传感器、不同平台收集到的数据、特征信息,兼顾不同图像的优势,在遥感监测、军事安防、自动驾驶等领域有着广泛的运用。介绍了热成像、高光谱成像、偏振成像、合成孔径雷达(SAR)、激光雷达(LiDAR)等多模态感知技术,总结了不同成像方式的特点与联系,简述了多源融合相关概念及其技术发展历程,重点分析了不同模态下图像融合案例,在此基础上归纳多模态感知和多源融合技术的发展趋势,最后基于融合算法、系统整体性、评价指标总结出进一步发展方向。     

基于傅里叶级数解析热扩散角的功率模块热阻抗物理模型

绝缘栅双极型晶体管功率模块失效主要由温度因素诱发。为提高功率模块可靠性,RC热阻抗模型被提出用于实时预测芯片结温。随着功率密度的提高,模块横向扩散愈发明显,多芯片热耦合效应愈加突出,导致传统RC模型会引入较大误差。文中针对RC模型精准度不足进行改进,揭示热扩散角取决于热流密度的物理内涵,结合多层封装结构下的傅里叶级数解析热流模型,建立一维RC热网络与三维热流物理场的本质联系,构造计及多芯片热路耦合的扩散角热网络,较为准确地描述多芯片结温动态特性,揭示热扩散与热耦合效应对芯片温度场形成的规律。与其他传统热扩散角模型相比,所提出方法的结温计算结果准确度最高。最后以型号SEMi X603GB12E4p模块为例,针对提出的物理模型进行验证,仿真与实验结果均表明,该模型能够表征不同工况条件下功率模块的热过程,验证了所提建模方法的有效性与准确性,误差小于4%,且验证了所提模型较不计及热耦合模型精度提高了16.72%。     

电池储能提高电力系统调频性能分析

针对同功率电池储能系统对火电机组调频替代能力量化不明确的问题,通过分析对比电池储能系统与火电机组调频的原理,确定储能调频在频率响应稳定性和快速性方面的优势。从调差系数出发,分析储能对高比例可再生能源调频系统的影响,确定同功率储能对火电机组在提升调频效果方面的优势。定义了储能调频替代的功率和能量指标,并提出储能提高频率最低点的替代指标。最后,根据所提出的相关定量指标,以中国东部某区域电网系统为例,分析了不同扰动场景下多时间尺度的储能的替代能力,验证了电池储能对火电机组的高替代能力。     

基于间隙度量的多模型过热汽温预测控制

针对火电机组主汽温被控对象所具有的大惯性、大迟延以及其随机组负荷变化而发生的参数时变性,为解决传统串级控制方案在机组深度调峰情况下控制品质恶化的问题,提出了一种基于间隙度量的多模型过热汽温预测控制策略。引入间隙度量理论来确定各模型输出的权值。首先选取若干个典型工况设计局部预测控制器;再运用间隙度量理论,计算各个局部预测控制器的输出权值,进而加权求出控制器的输出值。仿真研究表明,该方法可以很好地应对机组负荷变化时被控对象参数变化的问题;与使用常规的串级控制以及单模型预测控制方案相比,主汽温的动态和稳态性能得到了改善。     

塔式太阳能热发电中熔盐储能材料的筛选

熔盐作为太阳能热发电的储热材料优势明显。随着太阳能热发电电站系统,尤其是塔式电站系统的优势越发显现,对于熔盐工作温度的提升也越来越受到重视。目前在现有电站中主要应用的是硝酸盐,然而硝酸盐的工作温度极限愈发不能满足集热器工作温度升高的需求。介绍了太阳能热发电技术的概念与三种现有形式,并通过对常用熔盐的分析,简要阐述了塔式太阳能热发电系统中熔盐储能材料的筛选方法,以及实验中应注意的事项,并基于现有研究成果以及已实际应用的熔盐的论述与分析,可以认为塔式光热电站的潜力仍然十分巨大,且熔盐的优化仍然有很大空间。     

高速异步主轴电机的热分析与冷却结构设计

高速主轴电机是电主轴的关键核心部件,电机发热直接影响电主轴的加工精度和运行可靠性。以一台10万转主轴异步电机为例,对高速异步主轴电动机进行深入的热分析,设计高效的散热冷却结构,确保主轴电机的可靠平稳运行。确定主轴电机的主要热源,研究转子转速、转子表面粗糙度对主轴电机风摩损耗的影响规律;考虑旋转磁场和谐波对铁耗计算的影响,采用齿轭分区的有限元法提高仿真精度,分析电机铁耗的分布规律。基于流体力学对电机进行3D热仿真,对比主流的周向螺旋型和轴向Z字型两种冷却结构的冷却效果,确定高效的冷却结构设计方案,并进一步采用转子铁心开空气槽的设计方案,增加转子铁心与转轴之间的热阻,提高电机的散热能力,确保电机的转轴温升在安全范围内,最后校核转子结构的机械强度,保证主轴电机运行的可靠性。     

循环流化床锅炉膜式水冷壁的热应力分析

为研究循环流化床锅炉膜式水冷壁的热应力问题,通过数值模拟的方法对顶棚拐点处水冷壁的温度、变形量和热应力进行分析。研究表明:向火侧到背火侧水冷壁的温度梯度变化较大,水冷壁的变形量极不均匀,在水冷壁管与鳍片接触处出现应力的集中。水冷壁减薄后,最大热应力先减小再增大,在减薄厚度为1.5 mm后热应力迅速增大,鳍片磨损减薄后水冷壁热应力增加速度逐渐变大,当热应力超过材料的许用应力时极易发生爆管。水冷壁减薄量超过自身厚度的21.4%时考虑对水冷壁管进行更换。对水冷壁最大热应力与鳍片减薄量间的规律拟合成函数关系式,对判断水冷壁的热应力是否超限,具有重要意义。