“Measurement” and related concepts. Their interpretation in the VIM

The paper comments on the definitions of such terms as “measurement,” “nominal property,” “metrological traceability,” and others given in the 3-rd edition of International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM). Proposals are offered for amendments to the terminology of the next edition of the VIM, taking into account new fields where measurements are applied.     

大数据下离散制造业产品质量分析综述

为帮助企业识别产品问题和设计缺陷,提高产品满意度,需要对离散制造业产品质量进行大数据分析。阐述制造业产品质量大数据的特点,从数据采集处理、质量预测、质量控制和质量追溯4个环节,综述离散制造业产品质量分析的国内外研究进展和发展动态,并指出各类理论方法在大数据背景下的挑战,探讨应对这些挑战的解决途径与发展趋势。结果表明,该分析可为进一步展开研究提供参考。     

化工仪表及自动化教学中的溯源学习和调研实践

化工仪表及自动化课程涉及的知识面广,内容繁杂,技术的新老交替,更新较快,应该了解和认识检测仪表和自动化技术发展的历史,把握其内在的发展规律;同时针对该课程的实际应用性较强的特点,安排设置调研实践活动,以充分实现理论联系实际的教学目标。     

Traceability technologies for farm animals and their products in China

The history of traceability reveals that nomadic herders as early as 1000 BCE marked livestock with irons and ear incisions in order to protect against thefts. Nowadays, we build traceability systems to document the origin of foods, and in order to ensure safer foods when tracking and recalling products. A holistic traceability system includes, as a minimum, identification elements, databases and an information flow. The animal identification elements refers to body marks, ear tags, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, retina image recognition, or DNA fingerprinting. The product identification refers to barcodes (EAN UCC, PLU, and GS1), 2D barcodes (QR, VC, and DM) and RFID or Electronic Product Code (EPC). The present review describes existing and upcoming traceability technologies for farm animals and their products, to update the common methods for information collection and data inquiry, with the view to expound traceability policies and regulations between developed and developing countries. The benefits of the new technologies and their practical limitations are also discussed.     

Peptide fingerprint of high quality Campania white wines by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Food traceability is essential to preserve the identity of unique quality traits against frauds or commercial disputes. Therefore, there is a growing demand of new traceability systems for the collection of information related to units/batches of food ingredients and products.     

A real-time PCR method for the detection and quantification of lupin flour in wheat flour-based matrices

Lupin flour is growingly being used in bakery products, mainly as a soybean protein substitute. The aim of the present work was to detect and quantify the presence of lupin flour in wheat-based foods using a newly set up qPCR system based on SYBR green. Although DNA sequence information for lupin is scarce, it has been possible to design a primer pair highly specific for the target gene and devoid of any primer-dimers amplification capacity. Lupin flour revealed to be a difficult matrix, since large amounts of compounds tend to co-purify with DNA, even adopting well established extraction protocols. Nonetheless, the primers used allowed to reach high PCR efficiencies and did not show any cross-reactivity with DNAs extracted from various plant and animal foods. The sensitivity achieved was 7 pg of lupin DNA, corresponding to a percentage of less than 0.1% of lupin flour in the foods.     

采用计量型扫描力显微镜校准微纳米标准样板

为了建立质量保证体系,微米和纳米样板至今仍被广泛地应用于校准微纳米尺度的测量仪器中．介绍了应用由德国联邦物理研究所开发研究的、测量范围为25 mm×25 mm×5 mm的计量型扫描力显微镜(M-LRSFM)的校准方法．上述计量型扫描力显微镜配置有三个零拍的激光干涉仪,可分别测量沿x、y、z三条轴线方向的位移,因而其测量值可直接溯源于“米”定义．此种M-LRSFM能够校准横向的微纳尺度的结构尺寸,诸如阶梯高度、一维和二维光栅、镀层厚度、线宽、微纳尺度的表面粗糙度等．作为实例,介绍了一种横向样板的校准程序及获得的校准结果．研究表明这种方法适合于校验扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的放大倍率．     

Integrating visual goal models into the Rational Unified Process

The Rational Unified Process is a comprehensive process model that is tailorable, provides templates for the software engineering products, and integrates the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML); it is rapidly becoming a de facto standard for developing software. The process supports the definition of requirements at multiple levels. Currently, the early requirements, or goals, are captured in a textual document called the Vision Document, as the UML does not include a goal modeling diagram. The goals are subsequently refined into software requirements, captured in UML Use Case Diagrams. Given the well documented advantages of visual modeling techniques in requirements engineering, including the efficient communication and understanding of complex information among numerous diverse stakeholders, the need for an enhanced version of the Vision Document template which supports the visual modeling of goals is identified. Here, an Enhanced Vision Document is proposed which integrates two existing visual goal models: AND/OR Graph for functional goals and Softgoal Interdependency Graph for non-functional goals. A specific approach to establishing traceability relationships from the goals to the Use Cases is presented. Tool support has been developed for the Enhanced Vision Document template; the approach is illustrated using an example system called the Quality Assurance Review Assistant Tool.     

共谋安全的q-进制数字指纹

保护数字产品版权,抑制盗版是数字指纹所关心的主要问题。本文简要介绍了q-进制数字指纹的概念及其相关结果,并且在此基础上提出了一种新的q-进制指纹的概念,进而利用纠错码构造了一种性质优良的q-进制防诬陷码。     

贝类质量安全监管系统的设计与实现

为提高贝类食品的质量安全,通过分析贝类质量安全监管信息的组成,运用贝类电子标签技术和计算机组件技术设计了基于．NET的海水贝类质量安全监管系统。实现了贝类产品从“养殖场到餐桌”的全程质量安全监管,形成了完整的贝类从海区到市场的追溯信息数据链条,构建了贝类质量安全追溯数据库,保障了贝类食品的消费安全。通过模拟测试,效果良好。系统既为消费者提供方便的查询平台,又为管理部门对贝类质量安全监控提供良好的操作平台。