Post harvest spoilage of sweetpotato in tropics and control measures

Sweetpotato storage roots are subjected to several forms of post harvest spoilage in the tropical climate during transportation from farmers' field to market and in storage. These are due to mechanical injury, weight loss, sprouting, and pests and diseases. Sweetpotato weevil is the single most important storage pest in tropical regions for which no control measures or resistant variety are yet available. Several microorganisms (mostly fungi) have been found to induce spoilage in stored sweetpotatoes. The most important among them are Botryodiplodia theobromae, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus oryzae. The other less frequently occurring spoilage microorganisms include Cochliobolus lunatus (Curvularia lunata), Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Plenodomus destruens. Microbial spoilage of sweetpotato is found associated with decrease in starch, total sugar, organic acid (ascorbic acid and oxalic acid) contents with concomitant increase in polyphenols, ethylene, and in some instances phytoalexins. Several methods are used to control microbial spoilage. Curing to promote wound healing is found as the most suitable method to control microbial spoilage. Curing naturally occurs in tropical climates where mean day temperature during sweetpotato harvesting season (February-April) invariably remains at 32-35 degrees C and relative humidity at 80-95%. Sweetpotato varieties varied in their root dry matter content, and low root dry matter content attributed for their high curing efficiency. Curing efficiency of varieties also differed in response to curing periods. Fungicide treatment, bio-control, gamma irradiation, hydro warming, and storage in sand and saw dust were found to have intermediate impacts in controlling spoilage and enhancing shelf life of sweetpotato roots. Breeding program has to be chalked out to develop new varieties suitable to curing under tropical conditions in addition to developing varieties having multi-spectrum resistance to major post harvest rot pathogens and sweetpotato weevils.     

Screening for genotype and environment effects on nitrate accumulation in 24 species of young lettuce

BACKGROUND: Nitrate accumulates in plants in response to N supply, aerial environment (predominantly light), and genotype. This paper characterises the effects of genotype, environment, and their interactions on nitrate accumulation by 24 cultivated and wild lettuce accessions grown hydroponically in winter and summer. The results will inform future strategies for selecting for low‐nitrate varieties. RESULTS: A preliminary study in which two accessions were sampled for nitrate over time showed largest differences between cultivars in the early–middle period of growth. Sampling the whole population of lettuce at this stage revealed significant effects of genotype, environment (with nitrate concentrations generally higher in winter), and genotype × environment interactions (largely due to a wider range of concentrations in summer). Changes in the ranking of accessions for nitrate accumulation between the two growing seasons were generally small for cultivated morphotypes. Shoot nitrate concentrations and water contents were positively associated, particularly in summer when separate relationships for different cultivated morphotypes (butterhead, cos/Romaine, crisp, leaf, and stem lettuce) were detected. Expressing nitrate concentration on either a shoot fresh or dry matter basis had relatively little effect on the ranking of most cultivated accessions, but not for the wild types. CONCLUSION: There is a well‐defined sampling window when differences in nitrate accumulation between lettuce genotypes are at a maximum. Delaying sampling may allow morphological changes in head form to mask earlier genotypic differences. Genotype × environment interactions are predominantly of the non‐crossover type and have only a small effect on changes in the ranking of accessions between seasons, allowing selections to be made at any time of year. At least part of the genotypic variation in nitrate accumulation is associated with differences in shoot water content. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

2016~2018年广西甘蔗品种区试崇左点综合评价

2016~2018年在崇左市龙州县开展12个甘蔗品系1年新植2年宿根的广西区域试验,结果表明:在崇左区试点所有的12个参试品系的产量和产糖量均比对照增产。桂糖08-1589表现植株高度中等,分蘖力强,中茎,有效茎多,易脱叶,宿根性好,抗病性好,抗倒伏,年平均蔗茎产量和产糖量分别为79978.52和12421.55 kg/hm²,平均蔗糖分为15.45%,比对照高了1.07个百分点,为早熟高产高糖品种,是本轮区试工农艺性状综合表现最好的品系,推荐在本区域进行推广。     

国内外品种盐产品调研情况简述

根据建立起来的《制盐工业标准体系研究报告》的要求,针对目前国内品种盐生产对品种盐开发、品种盐标准制修订及质量管理的需要．借鉴国外经验以促进我国品种盐产品开发及质量的逐步提升。文章主要对当前国内外品种盐生产的发展与现状进行了较全面的论述与客观分析．提出了我国品种生产存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。     

酿酒圆叶葡萄Noble和Carlos浆果挥发性成分分析

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPME-GC-MS)对酿酒圆叶葡萄品种Noble和Carlos浆果中挥发性成分进行鉴定,共鉴定出49种化合物,其中含有醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类等成分。Noble的挥发性成分总含量高于Carlos,2个品种中含量最高的成分都是(E)-2-甲基环戊醇和4-羟基-2-丁酮,二者在挥发性组分种类和含量上有一定的相似性。     

基于质地多面分析法对不同苹果品种果肉质构特性的分析

为了细致研究"华红"苹果贮藏期间果肉质地变化和不同苹果品种质构特性差异,本实验以套袋和未套袋"华红"苹果为试材,应用质地多面分析法定期测定贮藏期间果肉质地参数;以及以不同熟期"华红"、"华苹"、"寒富"、"红星"、"嘎拉"、"津轻"为试材,比较不同苹果品种果肉质地品质差异,同时分析各质地参数之间相关性。"华红"套袋和未套袋果肉质地参数在常温贮藏过程中变化趋势基本一致,且未套袋果肉的各项质地参数稍高于套袋的。硬度呈下降趋势,在黏附性、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性、回复性方面,贮藏0 d的果实与48 d相比稍有升高。"华红"果肉贮藏期间质地参数变化相关性和6个苹果品种之间质地参数相关性有相似处,内聚性与弹性、回复性、咀嚼性都呈正相关,弹性与回复性、咀嚼性都呈较好地正相关,回复性与咀嚼性呈较好的正相关。不同的是,"华红"果肉硬度与黏附性、内聚性呈负相关,而不同品种之间果肉硬度与内聚性、弹性、回复性、咀嚼性呈高度正相关。不同品种之间各质地参数也进行了量化比较。综上说明本实验选用的P5探头测定的果肉内聚性、弹性、回复性、咀嚼性能反映"华红"果肉质地变化规律,适用于苹果果肉质地品质的客观评价。硬度、内聚性、弹性、回复性、咀嚼性质地参数中的一项或多项可以作为评价"华红"果肉质地和比较这6个苹果品种果肉质地差异性的重要参数。     

HPLC法测定“长林”系列油茶籽种仁中两个主要黄酮苷含量

目的：建立油茶籽种仁中2个主要黄酮苷：山奈酚-3-O-{β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷}(Ⅰ)和山奈酚-3-O-{β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷}(Ⅱ)的高效液相色谱含量测定方法,并用于“长林”系列油茶品种间黄酮类成分含量评价;优化油茶籽种仁中2个主要黄酮苷的提取工艺。方法：采用Venusil MP C₁₈ (4.6mm×250mm,5μm) 色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液作为流动相,线性梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL.min_-1;检测波长220 nm,柱温25℃;采用L₉(3₄)正交试验设计,比较甲醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对黄酮苷提取效率的影响。结果：以80%甲醇按照料液比1:50(g/mL),在80℃条件下回流提取60min,2个黄酮苷的得率最高,11个品种油茶籽种仁中黄酮苷Ⅰ质量分数为1.28%~2.98%,黄酮苷Ⅱ质量分数为1.42%~2.37%。结论：该含量测定方法专属性强、准确度高、重复性好,可用于测定不同品种油茶籽种仁中主要黄酮苷的含量。     

紫外分光光度法测定中细号纯棉品种织物中二氧化钛含量

4,5-二羟基-2,7-萘二磺酸配体与钛发生显色反应,生成稳定的配合物,配合物的最大吸收波长为461nm,表观摩尔吸光系数e=3.17×104L·(mol·cm)-1,钛浓度在0.001～1.0μg·mL-1范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,用该方法测定纯棉品种织物中的钛.分析结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.91％,加...     

采用可见/近红外成像光谱技术的玉米籽粒品种识别

利用地面成像光谱辐射测量系统（Field Imaging Spectrometer System,FISS）获取了5种玉米籽粒的成像光谱数据,经反射率反演、噪声去除和一阶微分处理后,运用Wilk-lambda逐步判别法进行波段选择并建立判别模型。交叉验证结果表明:（1） 平均识别精度为91.6%,除了高油115的识别精度仅有87%外,其他品种的识别精度均在90%以上;（2） 在分类方案、光谱波段数、每类样本数量不变的情况下,分类精度受类别数和类别间可分性的影响;（3） 随着入选波段数的增加模型识别精度逐步提高。因此成像光谱技术在玉米品种的识别以及质量检测方面具有重要的应用前景。     

Rheological Characteristics of Apple Skin and Apple Firmness

The modulus and breaking strength of the skins of different apples were measured: McIntosh, Red Delicious, and Empire stored under controlled atmosphere; McIntosh stored at 1.7°C without atmospheric control, and Honey Crisp and Crimson Gala grown under light and heavy crop conditions. The moduli of the skins of Honey Crisp and Crimson Gala were lower (P < 0.05), than those of Empire, McIntosh, and Red Delicious. Peak puncture force values of McIntosh, Red Delicious, and Empire were lower (P < 0.05) than those of Crimson Gala and Honey Crisp; the contribution of the skin of the Honey Crisp apples to the peak force was least among all the studied apples.