Rescuing Big Rivers Damaged in Industrial Civilization

Large rivers with beautiful landscapes were dreamlands to the author. However, every time upon his arrival to riversides, he was shocked for the heavily polluted rivers that are dirty, messy, and smelling. Engineered dikes and dams made of concrete and steels for a greater height and hardness are built by cities along rivers. As more highways and railways built along rivers, vehicles run at a faster speed, scaring any life who wants to or has to access the water. Most of the tributaries are no longer free flow but end up as hard ditches and the water is polluted heavily. Forests and wetlands are being damaged and eroded. All of these are resulted from humans’ material desires and lack of respect for nature. Nevertheless, ecological civilization may encourage people to appreciate the beauty of nature and get a thorough understanding on river ecosystems and their services, accompanied by systematic planning and implementation of territorial ecological restoration. Moreover, laws and regulations on large river management should be put in place, and efforts should be made to break the worship of grey engineering approaches to flood control. It is expected that nature-based ecological approaches for a better resilience and sustainability in flood management can be more effective to ensure water safety.     

Energy,exergy and ecological analysis and multiobjective optimization of the hydrogen-fueled Scimitar engine with fixed nozzle geometry

In this study, an energy, exergy and ecological analysis and multiobjective optimization of the Scimitar engine with fixed core nozzle outlet geometry are carried out at hypersonic cruise conditions. A single-objective optimization is performed first, which revealed that overall efficiency and coefficient of ecological performance are maximized with different optimum nozzle outlet areas, and it propounded the need for a multiobjective optimization. The single objective optimization also showed that decreasing the hydrogen fuel mass flow rate and cruise altitude together with increasing the air mass flow rate and cruise speed improve the performance of the engine. Then, the multiobjective optimization is performed with the utopia point method. It is concluded that for fuel and air mass flow rates of 3.99 kg/s and 178.6 kg/s, respectively, and cruise speed and altitude of Ma = 5.2 and 22 km, respectively, the optimum core nozzle outlet area is 4.00 m², when equal weight factors are used for overall efficiency and coefficient of ecological performance. A comparison with the base scenario results showed that the overall efficiency has increased from 55.1% to 57.3%, and the engine size is reduced from 5.38 m² to 4.00 m² with the multiobjective optimization.     

新型城镇化的内涵与模式思考

在梳理近200年来世界城镇化发展历程的基础上,总结城镇化发展的得与失,以此作为中国城镇化发展的经验与启示。基于我国多民族的、大国的基本国情和政府主导公共事务的管理架构等特征,提出了符合中国特色的新型城镇化内涵,包括以人文本、“四化”互动、生态文明、布局合理、弘扬文化5个方面。最后,基于未来全国层面的城镇化发展格局,提出了沿海城镇发展带布局格局下上海及浦东的发展定位和推进新型城镇化的战略举措。     

我国城市水土保持几个问题的讨论

我国城市水土保持经过近20年的发展,已经成为水土保持的一个重要领域。在当前城市化高速发展的情况下,新时期的城市水土保持应在内涵和外延上进一步拓展,充分发挥城市水土保持的生态服务功能、景观与游憩功能、防灾避险功能。以生态学理论为指导、城市水土保持资源化、城市水土保持与城市生态文明建设密切结合,将是城市水土保持发展的必然趋势。     

基于河流生境恢复的河流景观设计——以重庆肖家河为例

探索河流生境的基本结构,研究河流生境结构与河流景观功能之间的关系,有利于创造一种接近自然的河流景观,为建设人类与自然并存的河流新景观有积极的意义。本文通过重庆肖家河景观设计实践,在解析河流生境的概念、内涵和基本结构特征的基础上,讨论恢复河流生境在河流景观设计中的具体应用。     

生态旅游岛控制性详细规划控制体系探析——以福州市马尾新城琅岐岛控制性详细规划为例

本文从生态旅游岛的特点出发,在对城市控制性详细规划控制要素比较分析的基础上,对生态旅游岛控制性详细规划的控制要素构成做了必要的调整和扩展,提出土地使用控制、环境容量控制、建筑风貌控制、配套设施控制、非建设用地控制、行为控制和其他控制等七大主题的控制体系,并以福州市马尾新城琅岐岛控制性详细规划为例,对生态旅游岛的控规的控制体系进行进一步的规划探索。     

“随季应变”的绿色生态幼儿园设计

文章以招商地产2010绿色建筑设计大赛获奖设计"随季应变———苏州小石城社区全日制幼儿园设计"为例,重点介绍了方案中多种生态节能技术的运用,和其对建筑环境性能的影响分析,从而探讨绿色生态技术指导下的建筑设计方法以及我们在绿色生态教育建筑设计中得到的启示。     

从被动保护到保护性开发的城市生态廊道规划

城市生态廊道处于生态用地与建设用地间能量交换的前沿,对城市生态系统的维护具有重要作用。伴随城市的快速扩张,对于生态廊道用地空间传统的被动保护无法保证生态廊道系统的稳定性和完整性。为此,立足于城市生态可持续发展,提出了以保护性开发为导向的城市生态廊道规划策略,并以广州番禺片区生态廊道规划①实践为例,从廊道空间架构、保护性开发土地利用分级与控制、生态保护优先的产业布局及具较强可操作性的廊道生态用地空间导引等方面探讨了规划思路。     

复杂地形条件下三峡库区城市的生态图景* ——以云阳县城总体规划为例

地形复杂、生态敏感以及多地缘移民的社会融合是三峡库区移民迁建城市建设面临的主要问题。本研究以云阳县城总体规划为例,通过对云阳县城迁建十余年来城市建设所出现问题的全面解析,以＂生态维护与培育＂为第一要义,综合运用生态适宜性评价和景观生态学的相关方法,探索复杂地形条件下人地和谐的三峡库区移民新城建设的生态规划途径,构建非建设用地与建设用地契合的城市生态图景。     

区域空间规划生态分级保护研究 ——以华蓥山东麓为例

生态分级保护是空间规划中重要支 撑性内容,是全面协调生态保护与开发利用 关系,实现各类空间差异化管控,促进区域 可持续发展的重要途径。本文以华蓥山东麓 为例,通过生态功能重要性和生态敏感性评 价,同时结合景观生态安全格局进行分析, 构建生态保护分级指数模型,按保护程度由 高至低将研究区划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级。其 中,I级保护区为基本生态控制区,实行严格 的生态保护制度;II级保护区为生态缓冲区, 实行生态修复与城乡建设、产业发展负面清 单管理制度;III级保护区为农业生态区,加 强农业生态环境保护,建立健全绿色生态农 业导向机制;IV级保护区主要为城镇村庄生 态区,加强城乡居民点环境保护,推进人居 环境建设。研究结果可为华蓥山东麓生态修 复保护总体规划提供借鉴,对华蓥山自然保 护区与城镇建设区之间生态过渡地带的精细 化、精准化、差别化管理具有重要意义。