Minimum variance control and performance assessment of time-variant processes

This paper is concerned with (1) an explicit solution of a minimum variance control law for linear time-variant (LTV) processes in the transfer function form, and (2) performance assessment of LTV processes using minimum variance control as the benchmark. It is shown that there exists a time-variant, absolute lower bound of process variance that is achievable under LTV minimum variance control and can be estimated from routine operating data. This lower bound can subsequently be used to assess the benefit of implementing LTV control such as adaptive control. The proposed methods are illustrated through simulated examples and an industrial case study.     

Interaction bounds in multivariable control systems

Time-domain limitations due to right half-plane zeros and poles in linear multivariable control systems are studied. Lower bounds on the interaction are derived. They show not only how the location of zeros and poles are critical in multivariable systems, but also how the zero and pole directions influence the performance. The results are illustrated on the quadruple-tank process, which is a new multivariable laboratory process.     

A dynamic linear programming approach to market allocation of renewable resources in the italian energy system: The case of solar thermal and biogas technologies

In Italy solar thermal energy and energy from biogas are two possible means of reducing dependence on energy imports. Using a multiperiod LP model (MARKAL) the authors assessed the likely potential of both technologies under various circumstances. The study covered the period 1980–2005, in five segments of five years. It focused only on the subsystem of the energy end-uses which can be substituted for by solar thermal and biogas technologies. The overall non-renewable sources which can be saved in 20 years by these technologies total 450 PJ (1 PJ = 10^{1 5} J) if the fuel prices rise at 0 per cent average annual, 1450 PJ if the fuel prices rise at 4.2 per cent average annual, 1860 PJ if the fuel prices rise at 7.2 per cent average annual and 3780 PJ if the fuel prices rise at 15 per cent average annual. However the most competitive technologies appear to be solar water heaters used mainly in the private and commercial sectors and biogas systems used mainly in the agricultural sector. The study was carried out by APRE under ENEA (formerly CNEN) contract and was intended to serve as an analytical basis for establishing an overall development and demonstration strategy for end-use renewable technologies in Italy.     

Heat transfer of a row of three butane/air flame jets impinging on a flat plate

Experiments were performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a row of three premixed, laminar, butane/air flame jets impinging on a water-cooled flat plate. The between-jet interference was found to reduce the heat transfer rate in the jet-to-jet interacting zone due to the depressed combustion. The interference became stronger when the jet-to-jet spacing and/or the nozzle-to-plate distance were/was small. The positive pressure existed in the between-jet interacting zone caused the asymmetric flame and heat transfer distribution of the side jet. The meeting point of the spreading wall jets of the central and the side jets did not occur at the midpoint of the neighboring jets, but at a location shifted slightly outwards. The maximum local heat flux and the maximum area-averaged heat flux occurred at a moderate nozzle-to-plate distance of 5d with a moderate jet-to-jet spacing of 5d. The lowest area-averaged heat flux was produced when both the jet-to-jet spacing and the nozzle-to-plate distance were small. Comparing with a single jet under the same experimental conditions, the heat transfer rates in both the stagnation point and the maximum heat transfer point were shown to be enhanced in a row of three-jet-impingement system. The present study provided detailed information on the heat transfer characteristics of a row of three in-line impinging flame jets, which had rarely been reported in previous study.     

Extensions of LDA by PCA mixture model and class-wise features

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a data discrimination technique that seeks transformation to maximize the ratio of the between-class scatter and the within-class scatter. While it has been successfully applied to several applications, it has two limitations, both concerning the underfitting problem. First, it fails to discriminate data with complex distributions since all data in each class are assumed to be distributed in the Gaussian manner. Second, it can lose class-wise information, since it produces only one transformation over the entire range of classes. We propose three extensions of LDA to overcome the above problems. The first extension overcomes the first problem by modelling the within-class scatter using a PCA mixture model that can represent more complex distribution. The second extension overcomes the second problem by taking different transformation for each class in order to provide class-wise features. The third extension combines these two modifications by representing each class in terms of the PCA mixture model and taking different transformation for each mixture component. It is shown that all our proposed extensions of LDA outperform LDA concerning classification errors for synthetic data classification, hand-written digit recognition, and alphabet recognition.     

A Low-Complexity Multiuser Detector for Asynchronous CDMA QPSK Adaptive Antenna Array Systems

This paper proposes a low complexity joint space-time multiuser detection algorithm for asynchronous DS/CDMA antenna array systems. The proposed multiuser detector is composed of an adaptive antenna array, used as a linear beamformer, and a sliding window decorrelator. A QPSK modulation scheme is used in order to increase bandwidth efficiency. Numerical results are given in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) under the assumption of a frequency-selective Rayleigh slow fading channel. In particular, the proposed receiver is shown to be near-far resistant, even in worst fading cases, and to exploit completely array introduction while maintaining acceptable computational complexity. The proposed architecture avoids linear filter realization of the decorrelator, which is impractical in the case of a large number of users, and operates with relatively short data frames instead of the complete information sequence. Finally, this receiver is very flexible to changes in timing configuration.     

Wake and aerodynamics loads in multiple bodies—application to turbomachinery blade rows

Two-dimensional, unsteady flow around bodies of complex geometry (or multiple bodies) at high Reynolds number is simulated using the vortex method. This method is modified to take into account the sub-grid scale phenomena through a second order velocity structure function model adapted to the Lagrangian scheme. The dynamics of the body wake is computed using the convection-diffusion splitting algorithm; the convection process is carried out with a Lagrangian Adams-Bashforth time-marching scheme and the diffusion process is simulated using the random walk method. The pressure distribution is obtained using an integral equation derived from the pressure Poisson equation, which was first developed for a single body. Results for the numerical simulation around a linear cascade of airfoils are presented. As the flow is periodic in the y direction, the discrete vortex shedding need only be considered for a reference airfoil. The flow characteristics around the NACA 65-410 series airfoils are calculated and comparisons are made with results available in the literature.     

机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）距离高分辨的实现

本文应用一对共轭匹配的LiNbO_3基底SAW器件,在发射机中产生相干Chirp脉冲串信号,在接收机中频完成脉冲压缩,同时保存了Doppler相位信息。它较之光学、CCD及数字处理有一些不可替代的优点,并展现了机载SAR的某些特色。文中详细阐述了设计概念和LFM脉冲压缩系统,给出了实验结果和测绘飞行获得的一张雷达图像。它证明了方案和技术实施的有效性。     

Vote counting measures for ensemble classifiers

Various measures, such as Margin and Bias/Variance, have been proposed with the aim of gaining a better understanding of why Multiple Classifier Systems (MCS) perform as well as they do. While these measures provide different perspectives for MCS analysis, it is not clear how to use them for MCS design. In this paper a different measure based on a spectral representation is proposed for two-class problems. It incorporates terms representing positive and negative correlation of pairs of training patterns with respect to class labels. Experiments employing MLP base classifiers, in which parameters are fixed but systematically varied, demonstrate the sensitivity of the proposed measure to base classifier complexity.     

解线性及二次型规划问题增广的神经网络

本文提出了一个解线性及二次型规划问题的神经网络模型，证明了该网络是全局稳定于平衡点，而平衡点就是线性及二次型规划问题的解，该网络的优点是能够实时获得问题的精确解，且可以同时获得带等式不式约束的对偶问题解，该网络易于电路实现。