A fuzzy screening model for multiple attribute decision-making

A method for the screening of multiple attribute decision-making problems is presented. The model assists the decision-maker in eliminating inferior alternatives and insignificant attributes prior to a detailed evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of the alternatives provides the information necessary for the reduction of the decision problem. The procedure calculates maximum preference factors on which the decision-maker can base his screening decisions. These factors assess the role of alternatives in the final ranking by estimating their potential to become superior to other alternatives. Since screening tasks are carried out early in decision-making, the information available is generally uncertain. Uncertainty is represented in the model using fuzzy sets. This framework permits the handling of both imprecise and precise (crisp) estimates of impacts and provides a possibil-istic assessment of the risk associated with screening decisions.     

地铁工程盾构侵入障碍桩处理施工技术

地铁盾构施工中遇到不明障碍物的情况时有发生,某地铁盾构侵入障碍桩处理施工,经过关键影响因素分析,决定采用人工挖孔桩,通过注浆加固预处理、预插竹签及控制钢筋截除高度等措施,较好地完成了施工。     

Gas-Chimney Detection in 3D Seismic by Neural Network

Recognition of hydrocarbon migration is so vital for petroleum exploration. Developing intelligent systems (artificial neural network) enable experts to achieve more details from seismic data. Although detection of migration direction using seismic data is difficult, Chimney-cube analysis overcomes this problem. The authors used several filters, seismic attributes, neural network (supervised and unsupervised), and interpreters' viewpoints. In supervised method artificial and human intelligence cover their limitations and in unsupervised method the authors eliminate the experts' views. Chimney recognizes the migration direction and locates the spill points, mud volcanoes, gas seepages, sealing, and nonsealing faults and finally the origin of hydrocarbon.     

Comparison of 3 Spectrophotometric Methods for Carotenoid Determination in Frequently Consumed Fruits and Vegetables

ABSTRACT: Carotenoids are C-40 tetraterpenoid compounds with potential health beneficial effects. Major dietary sources include a variety of fruits and vegetables. Rapid screening methods are therefore desired, but their accuracy varies depending on the carotenoid profile and the matrix of the plant food. In the present study, 3 different methods were compared, all based on a rapid extraction protocol and spectrophotometric measurements to determine the total amount carotenoids present in fruits and vegetables (n = 28), either with or without chlorophyll. Published methods (a) Lichtenthaler and (b) Hornero-Méndez and Mínguez-Mosquera were compared with a newly developed method (method c) based on the average molar absorption coefficient (135310 Lcm⁻¹mol⁻¹) and wavelength (450 nm in acetone), for the 5 predominant carotenoid species (beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin) in the investigated foods. All results were compared to HPLC (method d). To avoid overestimating carotenoid concentrations due to chlorophyll A and B presence, the effect of saponification was studied for all methods. Overall, saponification led to significant carotenoid losses (12.6 ± 0.9%). Methods a, b, c, and d yielded 5.1 ± 0.4 mg/100 g, 4.6 ± 0.5 mg/100 g, 4.3 ± 0.5 mg/100 g, and 4.2 ± 0.5 mg/100 g total carotenoids, respectively, with method a leading to significant higher mean concentrations compared to all other methods (P < 0.001, Bonferroni) with methods b and c being not significantly different and highly correlated compared to HPLC (> r = 0.95). Similar results were found when stratifying for chlorophyll content and fruits compared with vegetables, however, accuracy varied for individual fruits, highlighting the limitation to use the same method for all plant foods. Practical Application: This study presents a comparison of various rapid spectrophotometric measurements to determine total carotenoid content in various fruits and vegetables and could aid in the selection of the appropriate method for individual plant foods with different carotenoid profile and matrices.     

人工物设计的安全研究

从人的生物特征和生理意识分析了人工物中安全因素的内涵,从人类心理的角度剖析了设计师与使用者不同的概念模式及其成因,并从技术哲学的角度探析了人工物与人类安全的辩证关系,最后提出现代人工物安全设计的发展方向和原则.     

人工智能与科学思维

本文从自然辩证法的角度探讨了人工智能与科学思维的关系,介绍了人工智能的一些主要研究方向,如机器学习和人工神经网络等,从而指出计算机是如何模拟人类思维的,并揭示了人工智能与人类科学思维的差别。     

目标散射问题的有限模型

将有限元法同人工透射边界的处理方法结合起来,首次以一种图象清楚、过程简单、适应性强的计算方法对目标散射问题进行讨论,对简单散射问题与解析解对比,并讨论误差情况.     

盐酸直接浸取钛铁矿制取人造金红石

研究了盐酸直接浸取钛铁矿制取金红石的方法，探讨了搅拌条件、盐酸浓度、浸取时间、温度、矿粉粒度对浸取效果的影响，利用Ｘ－粉末衍射证明所得产物实现了由锐钛型至金红石型的转型，得到了浸取过程的最佳工艺条件为盐酸浓度６．２７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；浸取温度１１０℃；液固比４：１（质量）；颗粒粒径３００目以下