Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging

Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models. Maternal separation and restraint stress were used to generate single or complex developmental trauma. Body weights of animals exposed to single trauma were similar to those of control animals; however, animals exposed to complex trauma exhibited loss of body weight when compared to controls. In behavioral tests, the complex developmental trauma group exhibited a decrease in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test when compared to control animals. In NeuroPET studies, the complex trauma group displayed a reduction in brain uptake values when compared to single trauma and control groups. Of neurotransmitter systems analyzed, the rate of decrease in brain uptake was the highest in the serotonergic group. Collectively, our results indicate that developmental trauma events induce behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes and dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, and there is currently no effective medicine to cure it. Early prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the pain of OA patients and save costs. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose OA at an early stage. There are various diagnostic methods for OA, but the methods applied to early diagnosis are limited. Ordinary optical diagnosis is confined to the surface, while laboratory tests, such as rheumatoid factor inspection and physical arthritis checks, are too trivial or time-consuming. Evidently, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid nondestructive detection method for the early diagnosis of OA. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive technique that has attracted much attention. In this review, near-infrared (NIR), infrared, (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were introduced to show their potential in early OA diagnosis. The basic principles were discussed first, and then the research progress to date was discussed, as well as its limitations and the direction of development. Finally, all methods were compared, and vibrational spectroscopy was demonstrated that it could be used as a promising tool for early OA diagnosis. This review provides theoretical support for the application and development of vibrational spectroscopy technology in OA diagnosis, providing a new strategy for the nondestructive and rapid diagnosis of arthritis and promoting the development and clinical application of a component-based molecular spectrum detection technology.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的BP神经网络在大坝变形分析中的应用

BP神经网络以其对非线性系统的强大映射能力而被广泛应用于模糊性、随机性强的大坝变形预测分析中。传统的BP神经网络由于初始权值和阈值的随机性,容易导致网络在训练过程中极易陷入局部最小值,同时存在网络收敛速度慢等缺点。针对传统算法的不足,采用改进的粒子群算法(IPSO)对BP网络的初始权值和阈值给予优化,建立大坝变形预测的IPSO-BP模型,并与PSO-BP网络模型进行对比。结果表明,改进的IPSO-BP模型具有收敛速度更快、预测精度更高的优点。该方法可供大坝安全监测和预警分析参考。     

结合GIS空间分析的老灌河流域尾矿库溃坝事故模拟预警研究

根据尾矿库溃坝特征,引入泥流水力计算对尾矿库溃坝事故进行计算模拟,并将模拟结果与GIS工具耦合,从空间层面对溃坝事故进程和产生的影响进行动态预测和展示,从而建立尾矿库溃坝事故预警体系,为事故应急工作提供指导。以南水北调中线水源地支流老灌河流域为例,选取流域上下游两个典型尾矿库进行溃坝事故情景模拟,得出上游尾矿库溃坝事故影响范围55km,对该尾矿库下游3~5km处居民区有严重危害,事故影响时间约6~7h;下游尾矿库溃坝事故影响范围13km,主要破坏该尾矿库周边农业资源,事故影响时间约2h。模拟结果在验证本研究实用性的同时,为该流域尾矿库溃坝事故预警应急措施和流域日常安全管理提供决策支持。     

基于常见供水格局的水库群供水预警及响应策略研究

随着区域经济社会发展对用水量需求的增加,区域内逐渐形成多水库供水格局。本文针对一种常见的水库群供水格局开展供水预警研究,给出供水预警含义、预警指标及预警线形式、分级分期预警指标阈值确定方法和预警响应策略等。以缺水区域缺水量最小为目标,提出以水库蓄水量为控制指标的分级分期预警体系:即划定不同等级预警线,按照不同分期对预警线进行细化;基于长系列逆时序法供需计算确定预警指标;依据水库预警线确定水库群调水和供水规则,实现多水库联合调度。并以永康市三座中型水库组成的水库群为例,进行水库区供水预警及响应策略的实际应用。研究成果为水库调度决策部门提供了新的调度思路,为干旱期水库群供水运行管理提供依据。     

Automatic classification and prediction models for early Parkinson’s disease diagnosis from SPECT imaging

Early and accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is important for early management, proper prognostication and for initiating neuroprotective therapies once they become available. Recent neuroimaging techniques such as dopaminergic imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with ¹²³I-Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) have shown to detect even early stages of the disease. In this paper, we use the striatal binding ratio (SBR) values that are calculated from the ¹²³I-Ioflupane SPECT scans (as obtained from the Parkinson’s progression markers initiative (PPMI) database) for developing automatic classification and prediction/prognostic models for early PD. We used support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression in the model building process. We observe that the SVM classifier with RBF kernel produced a high accuracy of more than 96% in classifying subjects into early PD and healthy normal; and the logistic model for estimating the risk of PD also produced high degree of fitting with statistical significance indicating its usefulness in PD risk estimation. Hence, we infer that such models have the potential to aid the clinicians in the PD diagnostic process.     

基于H.264的改进阈值的可变自适应十字搜索算法

H.264视频编解码标准的算法复杂度高,不能满足视频监控和无线传输中要求的高压缩比、低码率和实时性的要求,通过分析可知运算量最大的是运动估计模块,本文对该模块的算法进行优化。在ARPS算法的基础上结合预测的初始点和自适应调节臂长的搜索策略的优点,采用可变阈值的早期终止策略和简单的搜索模板的算法。实验表明该算法在有效减少搜索点数的情况下并不会对图像质量产生较大的影响,提高了运动估计算法的搜索速率和鲁棒性。     

生物综合毒性监测技术进展与多源生物预警体系

为进一步推动生物综合毒性监测技术的应用,对发光菌、藻类、溞类和鱼类作为指示生物进行生物综合毒性测试的研究进展进行了总结,分析了4种指示生物在综合毒性测试中的优点与不足,发现了不同指示生物在检测范围、检测时间及检测限方面存在的明显差异。研究结果表明:相对于现实复杂的污染物构成现状,单一指示生物难以全面、高效、客观地检测评价污染物的毒性,需要将4种指示生物进行联合预警,充分发挥不同指示生物的优势,才能达到最佳的预警效果。在已有研究的基础上提出了多源生物联合预警技术体系,并在丹江口水源区对17种常见典型污染物进行了测试研究。测试结果表明,多源生物预警技术能显著提高预警效率。     

基于拥塞预警与分流传输的AOMDV协议优化

针对AOMDV协议只使用主路径传输数据,导致备用路径未能得到充分利用以及网络负载失衡的问题,本文提出一种LBAOMDV(Load Balanced AOMDV)协议。该协议在AOMDV协议的基础上使用基于路径长度、路径使用次数以及路径状态的分流传输机制在多条路径上同时传输数据以均衡网络负载,当网络中的节点负载过重并通过预先设定的阀值时将触发拥塞预警机制以减少通过该节点的数据流量,从而进一步达到网络负载的动态均衡。