膜生物反应器在污水处理技术中的新应用

膜生物反应器（MBR）能有效降低污水中的氨氮及难降解有机物含量,但高昂的膜制造成本和膜污染制约了膜技术的应用。向膜生物反应器中投放粉末状活性炭（PAC）可有效降低膜污染现象,但处理后污水仍达不到零排放标准;而颗粒活性炭（GAC）与MBR工艺的结合,使得MBR系统中膜通量变大、过滤阻力降低,大大减缓膜污染,降低了膜使用成本,更加有效去除污水中的难降解有机物,能满足日益严格的污水零排放标准。     

合成有机物对厌氧消化抑制机理分析

分别从微观及宏观角度分析了合成有机物对厌氧消化的抑制机理,得到了合成有机物抑制机理与其分子结构的相关关系,以及合成有机物抑制诱发有机酸积累和氢分压升高引起抑制放大的结论,并提出了合成有机物厌氧抑制放大图式。     

响应面法优化电解芬顿协同法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

采用电解芬顿法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液,选取电量、进水 pH 值、进水氨氮浓度3个因素为变量,CODCr 去除率为响应值进行 Box-Behnken 中心组合设计。利用响应面法对试验结果进行分析,建立了 CODCr 去除率为响应值的二阶多项式模型并进行了方差分析和显著性检验,通过解模型逆矩阵得到最佳条件：单位面积电量为23．26 Ah／dm2、pH 值为3．58、进水氨氮浓度56．78 mg／L。在最佳条件下,CODCr 去除率为96．5％,与模型预测值偏差为4．45％,吻合度较高。对电解芬顿深度处理前后的渗滤液进行 GC-MS 分析,表明电解芬顿协同处理技术能有效降解垃圾渗滤液中难生化降解的有机物,将有机物种类从42种降低至21种,是较有效的深度处理技术。     

难降解有机废水的高效优势菌的研究进展

难降解有机废水对环境造成了严重的污染，利用高效优势菌处理难降解有机废水具有效率高、成本低、无二次污染的优点。作者综述了高效优势菌的分类和在各类难降解废水中的应用，以及高效混合菌培育技术的研究进展。     

醋酸纤维素衍生物反渗透膜对低分子量有机物分离特性研究

研究用醋酸纤维素衍生物氰乙基醋酸纤维素、羟丙基醋酸纤维素和醋酸纤维素反渗透膜对有机醇、有机酸及有机胺类水溶液的分离特性,考察操作压力对反渗透分离特性的影响,并应用不可逆热力学过程得出的Spiegler—Kedem膜输送方程解析实验数据,获得了反射系数σ、溶质渗透系数ω和溶剂水渗透系L_p等膜参数。     

兼氧-PACT工艺处理化纤废水尾水

采用兼氧-PACT工艺对南京化纤厂化纤尾水进行处理，当进水COD为250～450mg／L时，出水COD≤100mg／L，去除率达到80％以上，各项指标均能达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中的一级标准。     

微波诱导Fe2O3/H2O2体系催化氧化污泥中的酚类有机物

以硅藻土为载体,Fe2O3为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,在功率为380 W的微波辐照下,催化剂产生激发电子诱导H2O2产生大量的羟基自由基,对水化污泥进行催化氧化处理,使得其中的酚类有机物被迅速氧化分解,去除率达90%以上,而无微波辐照的情况,对酚类物质的降解率低于10%,同时,从表观动力学的角度对微波诱导和催化氧化两个阶段的反应速率进行了分析阐述,表明催化氧化阶段的反应速率高于前期微波诱导阶段的反应速率,即在微波诱导后,氧化反应速率迅速提高。     

Environmental impact of fertilizing soils by using sewage and animal wastes

The European Community is producing annually about 300 × 10⁶ tons of sewage sludges as well as about 150, 950,160 and 200 tons of domestic, agricultural, industrial and other wastes (street litter, dead leaves etc.). About 20–25% of the German sewage sludges, which contain in average about 3.8,1.6, 0.4, 0.6, 5.3% DM^–1 N, P, K, Mg and Ca, 202, 5, 131, 349, 53, 3 and 1446 mg kg^–1 DM Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn as well as ca. 37 and 5 mg kg^–1 Dm polychlorinated hydrocarbons and biphenyls, are recycled annually as fertilizer. In addition environmental impacts on the arable land of Germany may derive from 76,19.2, 64.7, 33.6, 7.8 and 0.1 kg ha^–1 a^–1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu added as animal manures. Besides heavy metals and hazardous organics pathogens are disseminated with organic wastes.Crop production and soil fertility generally profit from the considerable amounts of plant nutrients and carbon in sewage sludges, animal slurries and manures, but the physicochemical soil properties, the composition of microbial, faunal and plant communities as well as the metabolic processes in the soil-, rhizo- and phyllosphere are changed by organic manuring. Consequences for the soil carbon-, nitrogen-and phosphorus-cycle are discussed. Impacts of heavy metals and hazardous organics on the soil biomass and its habitat as well as on transport mechanisms and surival times of disseminated pathogens in soils are reviewed with emphasis on the German situation. A proposal for future strategies (landscape recycling) is made.     

大孔丙烯酸树脂去除水中有机物性能的研究

本文研究了大孔丙烯酸吸附树脂对于水中有机腐植酸（ＨＡ）和富里酸（ＦＡ）的吸附性能，主要是利用热力学的方法研究了温度、ＰＨ值及硬度（Ｃａ＾２＋）等因素对树脂有机物吸附性能的影响，同时至比了大孔苯乙烯吸附树脂对ＨＡ和ＦＡ的吸附性能，最后讨论了二种树脂的再生情况。     

Production of lipophilic volatile organohalogen materials during laboratory chlorination of some waste water and polluted river water samples from Yugoslavia

Water chlorination leads to the generation of various halogenated products of natural and waste water organic mater. In natural surface water humic matter usually makes the greatest part of the total organic matter. However, in the river water polluted with various organic wastes, other organic matter is also present in significant concentrations. The investigation of the relationship between the concentration of organic matter in the samples of waste water and heavily polluted river waters in Yugoslavia on one side, and the production of the lipophilic volatile organohalogen materials during the process of their chlorination on the other side is described. The production of the halomethanes and other ECD response materials during the chlorination of water samples in laboratory conditions is compared with the concentrations of organic materials in water samples. From the obtained linear correlation coefficients, possibilities of predicting amounts of organohalides during the chlorination process by using several very simple methods for the organic materials estimation in the investigated water samples are discussed and compared.