东营凹陷古近系原油物性及其影响因素

以原油物性资料和地质背景分析为基础，将东营凹陷的原油划分为超重油、重质油、中质油和轻质油4种类型。平面上，相同层系的原油性质呈规律性变化，从生油洼陷中心向边缘呈环带状逐渐变差；复杂断块区的原油性质变化复杂。分析认为，东营凹陷原油物性分布规律是多种因素共同作用的结果，其中油气运移、氧化作用、生物降解以及油源差异等对该区原油性质的环带状分布起主要作用；而油藏保存条件、重力分异作用和油田开发等则是导致东营凹陷局部地区物性变化复杂的主要影响因素。     

基于区块链的多主体梯级水电市场交易模型

在电力市场环境下流域梯级电站各投资主体的利益博弈和信息交互,给传统的梯级水电调度带来巨大挑战。基于此,本文提出了一种基于区块链的多主体梯级水电群日前市场交易模型。首先,建立了基于区块链技术的梯级水电市场交易模式,并对传统区块链加密算法进行改进;其次,针对水电站地理分布与经济隶属不一致的问题,建立了多主体梯级水电日前市场交易模型,实现了流域梯级水电地理耦合与经济协调的一致性。然后,引入目标级联分析法,分别以发电商收益最大化和整个流域购电成本最小化为目标进行交替求解,实现了多主体梯级水电站群在个体和整体的统一协调优化。并将其应用于长江干流梯级水电系统进行算例测试,结果表明,所提方法不仅为梯级水电市场交易数据安全性提供了保障,还能够在考虑电站之间协作的同时确保流域梯级联合调度效益最大化。     

核电常规岛用超高液压螺栓拉伸器关键结构的数值分析

针对核电常规岛用螺栓拉伸器具有超高压、超小空间作业工况的特性,提出一种基于数值分析与实验相接合的设计方法,运用ANSYS软件对螺栓拉伸器关键结构——缸体与螺帽进行有限元校核,并与测定的应变实验数据进行对比;同时分析参数Rm、D对螺帽结构的优化特性。研究结果表明:初设的缸体强度和刚度满足材料的要求,但螺帽在"L型"截面拐点处出现"负"安全系数;优化螺帽结构尺寸,当Rm=8 mm,D=60 mm时与初设参数相比应力减小了121.2%,应变减小了58%,安全系数得到极大提高,这为该设备的可靠性和安全性提供了设计依据。     

水箱上安装支架成形工艺改进与模具设计

分析了水箱上安装支架冲压成形工艺,改进了适合该零件生产要求的冲压工艺方案,采用3副组合冲模进行冲压生产,提高了生产效率,改善了产品质量,且设备资源得到了充分有效地利用。实践证明,该水箱上安装支架冲压成形工艺和模具结构有效而可行。     

Modeling for Predicting Flow Stress of Al-14Cu-7Ce Alloy at Elevated Temperature

在应变速率0.001~1 s-1、温度573~823 K的条件下,采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机对Al-14Cu-7Ce合金进行等温热压缩实验,并根据真应力-真应变的计算数值,建立了Al-14Cu-7Ce合金高温流变应力本构方程。结果表明,流变应力符合速率方程€=ADLGb/kT(sinhaLG)n;其中,应变的影响通过多项式拟合方式耦合进入材料常数A,αL和n。所建立的本构方程能够准确预测Al-14Cu-7Ce合金高温流变应力,实验条件下控制合金热变形的主要机制是位错攀移。     

90D缸体铸件缺陷的防止措施

介绍了90D缸体的铸件结构特点,分析了90D缸体铸件小批生产时出现的水套芯折断、砂眼、渗漏和气孔等缺陷的原因,决定采用下列改进措施:采用底注式浇注系统;设置4个冒口,使用23根明排气针和17根暗排气针;砂芯局部增加加强筋并采用圆滑过渡结构;调整水套芯与盖板芯配合芯头间隙;增加覆膜砂小芯;在热节部位刷Te粉涂料;在砂芯个别部位加芯撑;在所有水套砂芯工艺芯头处钻排气孔,加强水套砂芯在浇注时排气;将水套砂芯的树脂加入量降低至1.4%;砂芯运输采用专用垫板及小车。采用上述措施后,水套芯折断、砂眼、渗漏和气孔缺陷已消除,铸件内废率控制在3%以下,加工外废率控制在10%以下,综合废品率控制在15%以下。     

钢板超声波检测中关于缺陷当量及灵敏度的讨论

本文讨论了GB/T2970-91标准在超声检测时,灵敏度及缺陷当量的变化情况。     

Patent backlogs at USPTO and EPO: Systemic failure vs deliberate delays

This paper first describes the so-called patent backlogs and assesses the extent to which they might affect the examination process in major patent offices. Second it puts forward that the root causes of these backlogs in Europe and in the US are different. The backlog at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is three times larger than one at the European Patent Office (EPO) and is essentially due to very low fees and a weak rigor of the examination process. The observed long pendency at the EPO is more due to applicants’ strategic filing behaviors that aim at delaying the grant date, as it marks the start of high expenses due to translation requirements and multiple validation or renewal fees. Since the root causes of backlogs diverge between EPO and USPTO, their cure should also be different.     

手动快换闸板防喷器研制与应用

手动双闸板防喷器是修井过程中使用的一种重要设备,其壳体和侧门的连接多为螺栓连接并采用端面密封,侧门重,现场拆卸、安装螺栓费力,更换闸板困难,辅助生产时间长,劳动强度大。为此研制出一种手动快换闸板防喷器,其壳体和侧门采用T形挂钩连接,侧门密封采用外圆密封,侧门质量轻,拆卸、更换闸板方便、省力,密封安全可靠。     

Electroreductive block copolymerization of dichlorosilanes in the presence of disilane additives

The electroreductive polymerization of dichloromethylphenylsilane in the presence of triphenylsilyl group‐containing disilanes such as hexaphenyldisilane followed by the electroreductive termination with chlorotriphenylsilane afforded triphenylsilyl group‐terminated polymethylphenylsilane in 15–32% yield. The isolated polymethylphenylsilane (M_n = 3350 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.4) was found to react as a macroinitiator to copolymerize with dibutyldichlorosilane under electroreductive conditions producing the corresponding block copolymer (M_n = 4730 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.2) in 38% yield. The ratio of monomer units (? MeSiPh? to? BuSiBu? ) of the copolymer was determined to be 75:25 using ¹H NMR analysis, which was in good agreement with the calculated ratio (74:26) on the assumption that molecular weight of the macroinitiator was not changed. The block structure of the resulting copolymer, poly(methylphenylsilane)‐block‐poly(dibutylsilane), was also confirmed by comparing its ¹H NMR and UV absorption spectra with those of polymethylphenylsilane, polydibutylsilane and a statistical copolymer prepared by electroreductive polymerization of dichloromethylphenylsilane with dibutyldichlorosilane. This method is applicable to the preparation of other types of macroinitiator such as triphenylsilyl group‐terminated polydibutylsilane, and polydibutylsilane‐block‐polymethylphenylsilane was also obtained using this macroinitiator. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry