Design structure matrix (DSM) method application to issue of modeling and analyzing the fault tree of a wind energy asset

The perpetual energy production of a wind farm could be accomplished (under proper weather conditions) if no failures occurred. But even the best possible design, manufacturing, and maintenance of a system cannot eliminate the failure possibility. In order to understand and minimize the system failures, the most crucial components of the wind turbines, which are prone to failures, should be identified. Moreover, it is essential to determine and classify the criticality of the system failures according to the impact of these failure events on wind turbine safety. The present study is processing the failure data from a wind farm and uses the Fault Tree Analysis as a baseline for applying the Design Structure Matrix technique to reveal the failure and risk interactions between wind turbine subsystems. Based on the analysis performed and by introducing new importance measures, the “readiness to fail” of a subsystem in conjunction with the “failure riskiness” can determine the “failure criticality.” The value of the failure criticality can define the frame within which interventions could be done. The arising interventions could be applied either to the whole system or could be focused in specified pairs of wind turbine subsystems. In conclusion, the method analyzed in the present research can be effectively applied by the wind turbine manufacturers and the wind farm operators as an operation framework, which can lead to a limited (as possible) design‐out maintenance cost, failures' minimization, and safety maximization for the whole wind turbine system.     

Atomistic insight into the hydration and proton conducting mechanisms of the cobalt doped Ruddlesden-Popper structure Sr3Fe2O7-δ

Sr₃Fe₂O_7-δ (SFO) with two-layer Ruddlesden-Popper (R–P) structure has recently been proved to be a promising material for the single phase cathode in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (P–SOFCs). To investigate the hydration reactions and proton conducting mechanisms of SFO and cobalt doped SFO (SFCO), both bulk and surface properties were calculated. We conclude that R–P structures have advantages in P–SOFCs. The unique Sr–O–M layer can facilitate the hydration process. Although in Sr–O–F and Sr–O–N layers, it is difficult for the formation and migration of oxygen vacancies, protons are most stable. Furthermore, cobalt doping can not only improve the electronic conductivity but also enhance surface properties of SFCO. The easily exposed Co–Fe–O surface can also facilitate the hydration reactions on the surface. Our work could give an informative insight into the relationships among the doped elements, the R–P structures, the hydration process and the proton conducting properties.     

一种钛白粉转窑煅烧尾气余热利用新装置

钛白粉煅烧转窑尾气的高湿、高硫、高酸露点的特性使得转窑尾气余热利用过程中换热器寿命不理想。在总结已有尾气余热利用方式存在问题的基础上,提出了一种长寿命、易维护的套管式热管余热利用装置,该装置由彼此分离的换热套管通过弯头、法兰连接成为整体,尾气垂直横掠双层套管段,与高硫、高湿的尾气通过相变介质的相变完成热量由尾气向取热介质的转移,产生钛白粉生产工艺所急需的蒸汽,双层管的相变换热套管对比单层管的重力热管换热器寿命明显延长;连接换热套管的单层管弯头不与高湿、高硫尾气换热,大大减轻了尾气对单层管的腐蚀。换热器应用在3.6 m×58 m的钛白粉煅烧窑上,每年可以产生0.9 MPa的水蒸气1.12万t,为企业带来可观的经济效益。     

燃气热水器在无回水管水路中实现零冷水的方案研究

本文分析了燃气热水器行业针对无回水管水路系统实现零冷水功能的现有技术方案,指出现有技术方案存在的一些缺陷,并结合试验研究,对无回水管水路系统提出了一套全新的实现零冷水功能的技术解决方案。     

无源光网络标准发展及关键技术研究

无源光网络(Passive Optical Network,PON)作为当今接入网的主要技术解决方案,具有带宽使用效率高、传输距离远、抗干扰能力强等特点.通过研究PON技术的发展动态,本文首先归纳了各种PON技术的产生背景和应用特点,整理出各技术间的连接关系及主要标准;其次介绍了PON技术的帧结构,并对带宽、波长、传输模式等PON技术的主要参数进行了汇总;然后将国内外研究热点进行划分,围绕媒体访问控制协议、帧结构、动态带宽分配算法、节能机制等关键技术,阐述了其研究现状及在PON中的重要作用;最后对PON技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

机加工孔套管抗挤压强度有限元分析

套管屈服强度直接影响套管抗挤压性能，套管在加工孔过程中可能诱发孔眼附近材料发生金属相变，导致套管屈服强度不再均匀分布，进而影响套管抗挤压强度。在相同工况下，对比了P110完整套管和机加工孔套管的抗挤压强度，以此为参照组分析了相变区域面积和相变区域屈服强度对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响。结果表明，机加工孔会改变材料屈服强度，进而影响套管抗挤压性能。随金属相变区域屈服强度减小，机加工孔套管抗挤压强度减弱；当金属相变区域屈服强度增大时，机加工孔套管抗挤压强度增强。且机加工孔套管相变区域面积对机加工孔套管抗挤压强度的影响随相变区域屈服强度增加而逐渐削弱。     

Sequence-Dependent Nanofiber Structures of Phenylalanine and Isoleucine Tripeptides

The molecular design of short peptides to achieve a tailor-made functional architecture has attracted attention during the past decade but remains challenging as a result of insufficient understanding of the relationship between peptide sequence and assembled supramolecular structures. We report a hybrid-resolution model to computationally explore the sequence–structure relationship of self-assembly for tripeptides containing only phenylalanine and isoleucine. We found that all these tripeptides have a tendency to assemble into nanofibers composed of laterally associated filaments. Molecular arrangements within the assemblies are diverse and vary depending on the sequences. This structural diversity originates from (1) distinct conformations of peptide building blocks that lead to different surface geometries of the filaments and (2) unique sidechain arrangements at the filament interfaces for each sequence. Many conformations are available for tripeptides in solution, but only an extended β-strand and another resembling a right-handed turn are observed in assemblies. It was found that the sequence dependence of these conformations and the packing of resulting filaments are determined by multiple competing noncovalent forces, with hydrophobic interactions involving Phe being particularly important. The sequence pattern for each type of assembly conformation and packing has been identified. These results highlight the importance of the interplay between conformation, molecular packing, and sequences for determining detailed nanostructures of peptides and provide a detailed insight to support a more precise design of peptide-based nanomaterials.