马来酸单聚乙二醇单甲醚酯的合成及应用

采用无溶剂法合成了马来酸单聚乙二醇单甲醚酯,并对其合成工艺进行了探讨。实验以原料醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量、反应温度和反应时间为5因素,设计成5因素4水平的正交实验,由实验确定出组分质量分数和最佳酯化反应条件：醇酸物质的量比1.0∶1、催化剂质量分数5%、阻聚剂质量分数3%、反应温度120℃,反应时间为5 h,最佳酯化条件下酯化率达到95.25%。进一步由大单体与丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、烯丙基苯磺酸钠共聚制备出水煤浆分散剂,由大同煤制浆,在分散剂质量分数为1.0%,干粉煤质量分数为65%时,水煤浆粘度为1550mPa·s-1,静置90min后,粘度为2100mPa·s-1。     

超低分子量丙烯酸/烯丙基磺酸钠的制备及对陶瓷粉体的分散性能

以丙烯酸（AA）、烯丙基磺酸钠（SAS）为单体,根据自由基共聚反应机理制备了水溶性共聚物陶瓷分散剂AA/SAS。探讨了不同反应条件对共聚物分散性能的影响,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热（DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）以及凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对共聚物进行了表征,并研究了分散剂用量对陶瓷浆料的流变性能以及Zeta电位的影响。得到的最佳合成条件为：AA与SAS的质量比为5:1,反应温度为80℃,引发剂用量为单体质量的7.3%,链转移剂用量为单体质量的225.5%;当共聚物加入量（折固掺量）为陶瓷粉体质量的0.3%时,其分散效果最好;当共聚物质量浓度为1.2g/L时,浆料的Zeta电位的绝对值由37.7mV升高到62.1mV。与进口产品PC-67相比,共聚物具有更好的分散效果。     

聚酰胺用蓝色母粒的制备与分散性能研究

以低密度聚乙烯为载体树脂,酞菁蓝为颜料,聚乙烯蜡、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(AC–540A)为分散剂,用双螺杆挤出造粒法制备颜料含量为20%的蓝色母粒。将制得的蓝色母粒用于聚酰胺(PA)6的着色。评价了不同分散剂种类及含量对PA6色彩性能和颜料分散性能的影响。结果表明,选用AC–540A为分散剂,其含量为3%时,PA6制品的–b*值最大(蓝色最明显),反射率最高,透射率最低,以偏光显微镜观察发现酞菁蓝颜料在PA6中分散均匀。     

Preparation and characterization of electroconductive polypyrrole–thermoplastic composites

Polypyrrole–thermoplastic composite films were obtained by casting. Homogeneous films were prepared with dispersant poly(vinyl methyl ether) or poly(vinyl ethyl ether) by two methods. Electric conductivity, morphology, mechanical properties, and sensitivity to H₂O₂ in water were studied. Composites of polypyrrole with poly(vinyl chloride) carboxylated and poly(vinyl methyl ether) presented improved mechanical and electrical properties compared with other composites studied. These films were sensitive to H₂O₂ in water, showing a significant change in electric resistance. This change is discussed in relation to the H₂O₂ concentration and the exposure time. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1498–1506, 2001     

水基液体磁性磨具复合分散剂配方实验研究

为提高水性液体磁性磨具的稳定性,制备以六偏磷酸钠与聚丙烯酸(PAA)为表面活性剂、纳米二氧化硅为辅助剂的复合分散剂。通过Minitab软件的DOE实验设计模块,以水基液体磁性磨具的沉淀率和零场黏度为评价指标,采用极端形顶点设计复合分散剂的配方并实验研究复合分散剂各组分对沉淀率和零场黏度的影响。结果表明:六偏磷酸钠与PAA之间存在协同作用,纳米二氧化硅对水基液体磁性磨具的零场黏度起到重要作用,三者能够很好地提高水基液体磁性磨具的稳定性。综合考虑沉降率和零场黏度,确定复合分散剂的最佳配比,并通过实验验证了预测值的准确性。     

Effect of polyethyleneimine-fatty acid complex type dispersant structure on the overall processing chain of Si3N4 ceramics using multicomponent non-aqueous slurries

The effect of fatty acid structure of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-fatty acid complex, which was designed as a polymer dispersant for multi-component non-aqueous slurries, on the overall processing chain of Si₃N₄ ceramics involving slurry stabilization, spray drying, compaction, and liquid sintering was investigated using PEI-oleic acid (PEI-OA) and PEI-isostearic (PEI-ISA) complexes. Si₃N₄-Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-AlN-TiO₂/toluene slurries were selected as a real model for Si₃N₄-based multicomponent slurries. It was observed that both PEI-OA and PEI-ISA can stabilize Si₃N₄-Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-AlN-TiO₂/toluene slurries; however, the PEI-ISA system tended to have slightly higher slurry viscosity, which was suspected to be due to the interactions between protruded PEI segments among short ISA chains. The spray-dried granules from PEI-ISA-stabilized slurry were observed to have filled structures with higher surface roughness whereas those prepared from PEI-OA-stabilized slurry were observed to have hollow-structured granules. The granules prepared from PEI-OA slurry had improved flow and compaction properties with higher relative density of green compacts compared with those prepared from PEI-ISA-stabilized slurry, whereas the relative density and microstructural homogeneity of S₃N₄ ceramics sintered at 1600?°C for 2?h were observed to be higher for the PEI-ISA system. It is suspected that PEI-OA effectively improved the dispersion stability of multicomponent slurries and flow/compaction properties of granules; however, the inhomogeneous microstructures of green compacts induced by the hollow-structured granules had an adverse effect on the sintering of Si₃N₄ ceramics.     

四氧化三铁纳米粉在水溶液中分散稳定性的研究

采用液相共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4粒子,选用柠檬酸铵、白蛋白、PEG200和柠檬酸等作为分散剂,对Fe3O4纳米粉体进行表面修饰和改性,研究了分散剂种类、添加量及粉体含量等对Fe3O4纳米粉稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,白蛋白和柠檬酸铵是水溶液中纳米粉体很好的分散剂;电解质柠檬酸铵作为分散剂时,溶液分散处理都能达到很好的稳定效果;用白蛋白分散时,最佳工艺条件为:纳米Fe3O4粉体含量为40mL标准溶液/100mL溶液,白蛋白添加量为1.6mL.最后采用HRTEM、FT-IR等对其结构和包裹性能进行表征,结果表明,纳米粒子表面包覆了柠檬酸铵,柠檬酸铵包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子基本呈球形,单个晶粒粒径约为10nm,制得的磁性液体分散稳定效果很好.     

高能球磨对片状银粉的改性研究

采用高能球磨工艺，利用激光粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜、BET吸附等测试手段，研究了由化学法制备出的片状银粉在进一步细化过程中，银粉随球磨工艺参数的改变而变化的情况，讨论了不同球磨时间和不同分散剂对银粉粒度、形貌、比表面积等性能的影响。结果表明：球磨20h，使用无水乙醇作为分散剂，可制得平均粒径为2．5μm、比表面积为2．9m^2／g的超细片状银粉，满足电子浆料的使用需求。     

5组分微乳液体系制备纳米氧化钛介孔薄膜

制备出多层粒径均匀的纳米介孔薄膜是获得巨大比表面积氧化钛薄膜的最佳途径.通过在水、环己烷、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CATB)、正丁醇4组分构成的微乳液体系中加入起分散作用的四氢呋喃(THF),制备出均匀、可重复成膜的纳米氧化钛介孔薄膜.热场发射扫描电子显微镜的观察结果显示,氧化钛颗粒呈现完整球形,粒径在18～30nm之间,重复成膜10次厚度达130μm以上也不会出开裂、剥落现象.     

不同分散剂在压电陶瓷浆料制备中的作用

高固相、低粘度浆料的获得是凝胶注模成型工艺实现的关键，而分散剂在浆料制备中作用至关重要，采用柠檬酸三胺（TAC）和聚甲基丙烯酸胺（PMAA-NH4）作为压电陶瓷PMN-PZT浆料的分散剂，讨论了两种分散剂对浆料稳定性和流变性的影响。对加入分散剂前后的PMN-PZT浆料进行粒度测定和扫描电镜分析，结果表明：两种分散剂均能减少陶瓷浆料中的颗粒团聚，使颗粒分散更均匀，PMAA-NH4的分散效果优于TAC。