Regeneration of platinum-metal-based catalysts with carboxyphosphines as extractants

Separation of platinum-metal-based homogeneous catalysts was achieved by their conversion to complexes of functionalized phosphines of the general formulae R_3-n P[(CH₂) _x CO₂H)] _n , R = Me, Et, Ph,n = 1, 2, 3,x = 1, 2, and [(HO₂CCH₂)PCH₂]₂, followed by extraction of the complexes into aqueous phase. This approach to regeneration of platinum metals from reaction mixtures after carrying out homogeneously catalyzed reactions was demonstrated on 11 examples of various types of reactions with Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt compounds as catalysts.     

生物接触氧化工艺在某高校生活污水处理中的应用

采用生物接触氧化/过滤/消毒工艺处理校园生活污水并回用,处理出水水质可达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质标准》GB/T18920—2002标准,可回用于校内冲厕、绿化等。该工程投资约140万元,运行费用为0.44元/m3,处理水回用后每年节约水费70多万元,可同时实现环境和经济效益。     

Evaluation of apatite-coated chitosan microspheres for bone regeneration

The apatite-coated chitosan microspheres were fabricated by incubating chitosan in five times simulated body fluid. The apatite deposited on the microspheres was similar to natural bone mineral, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectra and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy analyses. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） were seeded on apatite- coated microspheres to investigate the effect of this scaffold on cell proliferation and differentiation. BMSCs seeded on uncoated microspheres were served as a control. In vivo experiment was evaluated by transplanting the microspheres loaded with or without BMSCs in 5-mm cranial defects of Wistar rats. Bone regeneration was investigated via micro-CT and histological analysis. It was found that apatite-coated chitosan microspheres could significantly promote the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of BMSCs compared with uncoated microspheres. Histological slices and Micro-CT images at 8 weeks revealed much better regeneration of bone in the apatite-coated microspheres loaded with BMSCs than the control. In addition, the defect filled with pure microspheres induced little new bone formation. Our findings suggest that the apatite-coated chitosan microspheres scaffold is a promising carrier of stem cells for cranial bone tissue engineering.     

D201负载Fe(Ⅲ)深度处理含As(Ⅲ)废水

研究了强碱性大孔型阴离子交换树脂D201负载Fe(Ⅲ)的纳米吸附材料在不同的试验条件下对含As(Ⅲ)废水深度处理效果的影响。结果表明:D201-Fe对As(Ⅲ)的最大静态吸附容量为43 mg/g;动态吸附容量为1 092 mg/L;动态吸附处理的最佳p H范围是7~8;当废水中含有一定量的硫酸根离子和氯离子时,D201-Fe(Ⅲ)对As(Ⅲ)仍具有较高的吸附能力;采用8%氢氧化钠和氯化钠混合溶液再生效果较好,再生度达到80%以上。     

一步法制备Mg改性玉米芯生物炭吸附磷酸盐研究

研究通过MgCl₂溶液浸泡玉米芯后在450℃下慢速热解1 h一步法制备获得Mg改性生物炭(Mg-BC),探究其对磷酸盐的吸附和影响因素。结果表明,Mg-BC吸附磷符合准1级、准2级动力学模型,说明吸附过程主要受物理、化学作用控制。Mg-BC对磷的等温吸附符合Langmuir方程,吸附类型为单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为56.54 mg/g。溶液中共存无机阴离子会显著抑制Mg-BC吸附PO₄^3-,其顺序为HCO₃^-> SO₄^2-> NO₃^->Cl^-;NaOH溶液解吸可使Mg-BC有效的再生利用,且循环4次后,其去除率仍高于60%。Mg-BC可有效去除P有高吸附量,为P去除提供了一种新型环保材料。     

溶液除湿系统空气状态影响因素

研究典型叉流式溶液除湿系统中,溶液循环流量（G_cir）、冷/热量（Q_c/Q_h）和系统流程对除湿/再生空气状态变化和除湿效果的影响机制。分析不同工况下空气在焓湿图中的过程曲线特征,比较各因素影响程度。结果表明,在设计条件下,当G_cir约为0.05 kg/s时,溶液除湿系统达到最佳除湿效果;当Q_c、Q_h比例接近,总量由29.4 kW增加至48.9 kW时,系统中除湿量由3.7 g/kg上升至5.7 g/kg;不同流程中,当冷却对象为溶液时,溶液除湿效果较好。相较于溶液除湿系统中G_cir和Q_c/Q_h,溶液除湿流程对空气状态变化和除湿效果的影响程度较大。空气过程曲线在各流程下具有显著特征,溶液除湿流程是影响空气状态变化和除湿效果的核心因素。     

两相吸收剂捕集二氧化碳技术研究进展

化学吸收法是现阶段烟气CO₂捕集较为成熟的技术路线之一,但吸收剂能耗高影响了该技术广泛工业应用。两相吸收剂具有大幅度降低再生能耗的潜力,受到国内外研究学者广泛关注。该文综述了目前两相吸收工艺和两相吸收剂的研究进展,介绍3种两相吸收工艺及其降耗原理。重点介绍混合胺型和物理溶剂型两类两相吸收剂的研发现状,分析和比较分相特性、分相机理和再生能耗等性能。阐述黏度升高对贫富液换热器及两相工艺再生能耗的影响,提出定量分析方法。介绍现有两相吸收剂挥发性、降解及腐蚀特性的研究现状。结合研究现状和烟气碳捕集需求,提出下一步两相吸收剂的研究方向。     

Competent F18 bioglass-Biosilicate® bone graft scaffold substitutes

Biosilicate® glass-ceramic (BioS) offers an attractive choice for the manufacturing of scaffolds because of their high bioactivity, non-toxicity, bactericidal activity and biodegradability. Despite these positive properties, Biosilicate® scaffolds that have been developed so far show low fracture strength, limiting their clinical application. For this reason, our aim was to increase their strength through vacuum infiltration of F18 bioactive glass. First, we calculated the maximum attainable theoretical compressive strength of a scaffold using the Ryshkewitch and Ashby-Gibson models. We show that for a total porosity of 80 %, σ₀ = 250 MPa, and n = 5 the compressive strength estimated by both models is approximately 4.5 MPa. Afterward, the Biosilicate scaffolds were prepared using the foam replica technique and recoated several times with a F18 glass slurry to eliminate surface defects. Scanning Electron Microscopy examination showed that the F18 indeed helped to remove surface defects and partially infiltrated the hollow struts, significantly increasing their mechanical integrity. The F18-BioS scaffolds exhibited a total porosity of 82 %, an average cell size of 525 μm, and compressive strength of 3.3 ± 0.3 MPa, which is close to the predicted value and significantly higher than those of sole BioS scaffolds of a similar structure (< 0.1 MPa). These values are within the range of commercial scaffolds based on Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), having a considerable advantage of being more osteoinductive, angiogenic, and highly bactericidal. The F18-BioS scaffolds developed in this work thus have high potential for odontology or craniofacial surgeries that do not involve high load–bearing conditions.     

液压技术在混合动力汽车节能方面的应用

介绍了一种采用液压混合动力的新型环保节能车辆,它利用液压元件功率密度大的优点,构造了以液压蓄能器和双向可逆液压泵为核心的刹车能量再生系统,这种系统与发动机动力源一起可以组合成3种不同的驱动形式,从而实现具有两个动力能源的混合动力车辆.这种车辆在降低油耗、减少排放污染、提高刹车装置使用寿命等方面具有较大的优势,特别适合于行驶在有频繁起停的城市交通或山地城市交通路况.     

盐浴渗氮用盐发展概况

本文在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,概述了盐浴渗氮的发展历史,详细论述了氰盐、氰酸盐、尿素、密胺为再生剂的四种渗氮盐浴的组成、使用条件及特性,指出了当前盐浴渗氮的发展方向。