Efficacy of a brief worksite intervention to reduce smoking: The roles of behavioral and implementation intentions.

The effectiveness of worksite interventions to reduce smoking needs to be enhanced because randomized controlled trials to date have produced mixed findings. The present study tested the ability of social-cognitive variables to mediate the past behavior-future behavior relationship and the effectiveness of implementation intentions to break the past behavior-future behavior relationship in a brief theory-based worksite intervention designed to reduce smoking. Smoking behavior and psychosocial orientation to quit (operationalized by theory of planned behavior variables and temptations) were measured at baseline; participants (N=90) randomized to the experimental condition were also asked to form an implementation intention in their place of work. Identical measures taken 2 months postbaseline revealed that intention was a potent mediator of the past behavior-future behavior relationship. More important, significantly more people quit smoking in the experimental condition than in the control condition. Decomposition of these effects showed that implementation intentions worked best for individuals who were more motivated to quit at baseline and suggest that harnessing both motivational and volitional processes might enhance the effectiveness of worksite smoking cessation programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高电压技术在制冷设备除霜中的应用

为解决制冷系统除霜技术存在的问题,介绍了利用高压静电场技术及扫频高压交流电场技术在制冷系统中除霜的机理及研究进展,基于电流体动力学理论分析了霜晶分别在自然生长以及受高压静电场影响两种情况下不同的生长特性、机理和高压静电场中影响霜沉积量的主要电场参数,以及影响扫频高压交流电场技术除霜效率和能耗的主要参数。研究表明:电压及电场极性对高压静电场除霜的效率影响显著,频宽及交流电场持续施加的时间则是影响扫频高压交流电场除霜效率及能耗的主要电场参数;扫频高压交流电场除霜技术相比于静电场除霜技术,在除霜效率上更高,但能耗上处于劣势。最后,从除霜效率及能耗角度出发,提出了进一步深入研究的方向。     

一种用于真空度测试的射频电路设计

文章介绍了一种用于测试真空管真空度的射频电路及其原理.电路主要由40 MHz石英晶体射频振荡器和一种利用MRF系列场效应管制成的AB类宽带线性功率放大器组成,文章对上述两部分进行详细阐述外,还对PCB板的设计进行了必要的说明.试验结果表明,该电路的信号具有很高的稳定度、良好的调谐范围和低噪声,同时该电路在调频通信领域具有很高的实用价值.     

复合生物膜气敏传感器及其测试系统研究

为了降低气体传感器功耗、获得高的灵敏度和选择性，利用生物提取液的气敏特性，制作了石英晶体复合生物膜气体传感器。对石英晶体表面进行三种不同的预处理后，表面涂覆数种生物提取液膜，研究了基片预处理方法对传感器敏感度的影响和传感器响应信号的长期稳定性。采用紧凑高效的振荡电路，充分利用数据采集卡资源，构成了灵敏的气体检测系统。新型传感器不需要加热、灵敏度高，响应特性在30天内保持稳定。对8MHz左右的石苎晶体气体传感器所采用的频率测量方法准确度为±5Hz。     

Nd:YAG脉冲激光氧化Cr膜的微观表面

利用SEM、FESEM、AFM和XRD对Nd:YAG脉冲激光氧化Cr膜的微观结构进行了分析。在较小的激光能量作用下,所得到的氧化物薄膜均匀生长;当激光能量较高时,氧化物薄膜呈小丘状生长模式。薄膜表面形成的纳米尺寸的楔型晶界将对下一步的刻蚀产生不良影响,这是由于较低温度下进行的激光氧化会引起较低的扩散速率和初始应力释放。小丘状氧化物生长是在较高激光能量下较高温度使Cr离子向外扩散的结果。     

PZN-9PT单晶生长及电学性能研究

弛豫铁电单晶是目前电子材料研究的热点,而制备技术是解决该材料应用的关键.为了考察PZN-9PT晶体的生长形态、结构和性能,本文采用高温溶液法生长了PZN-9PT单晶,采用XRD表征了其相结构,采用相关电学性能测试方法表征了其介电、压电、电滞回线和机电耦合系数等电学性能.研究结果表明,采用高温溶液法可以制备出纯钙钛矿结构的PZN-9PT单晶,晶体呈淡黄色多面体形态,其三方-四方相转变温度为89℃,居里温度为175℃,[110]切型PZN-9PT单晶的压电常数为339 pC/N,矫顽场为8.7 kV/cm.     

从中外膳食模式比较看科学饮食营养

合理的膳食结构、良好的饮食习惯与方式、合适的营养素比例以及平衡膳食，是保证人体正常生理功能和健康的必要措施。科学的膳食营养会给人们带来健康的体魄。通过中外膳食模式的比较，得出中国居民的理想膳食模式，是以谷类为主、多吃果蔬、常食奶类、豆类和适量的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉类，保持进食量与体力活动的平衡。维持适当体重。     

两种不同结构TiO2薄膜生物活化能力比较

采用非平衡磁控溅射法制备了2种不同结构的TiO2薄膜，对所得TiO2薄膜分别运用碱处理和酸处理2种化学方法进行表面处理，期望在材料表面获得羟基活性基团。运用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等手段研究了薄膜的表面结构、成分等。利用傅立叶红外技术（FTIR）对活化处理前后样品表面的羟基基团进行检测，同时利用四探针测试仪对薄膜的电阻率进行了测量。结果表明，运用碱处理和酸处理2种方法，可以在锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜表面形成活性羟基基团；相比于金红石型TiO2薄膜，锐钛矿型具有较好的羟基活化能力。     

Growth habit and transparency of sulphate doped KDP crystal

KDP crystals were grown from the aqueous solution with different concentrations of sulphate by both the traditional temperature-lowering method and the rapid growth method. Sulphate showed a great effect on the growth and the properties of KDP crystals. With the rise of the dopant concentration, many defects occur such as mother liquid inclusions, parasite crystals and cracks. When the dopant concentration of sulphate reaches a certain value, the ultraviolet transmittance of crystals decreases a lot compared with crystals at low dopant concentration.     

Growth and spectral properties of Er:NaGd(WO4)2 crystal

A high optical quality Er³⁺-doped NaGd(WO₄)₂ single crystal with dimensions of ∅18 × 50 mm³ has been grown using the Czochralski method. The structure of the grown crystal was proved by X-ray powder diffraction. The accurate concentration of Er³⁺ ion in the crystal was measured. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime of the crystal were measured at room temperature. Green up-conversion luminescence has been observed when the crystal is excited at 965 nm.