嗜单宁管囊酵母木糖酒精发酵的研究

综合利用丰富、廉价且可再生的农作物秸秆资源生产酒精的研究已经渐渐成为全球范围的热点之一。文章研究了嗜单宁管囊酵母木糖酒精发酵的发酵性能,分离、筛选、驯化培养出一株高效木糖酒精发酵菌株 g-13,在最适条件下其木糖酒精发酵的转化率为 0.446 g/g(酒精/消耗的糖),为发酵秸秆纤维水解液中的戊糖生产燃料酒精提供菌种支持。     

组建气体辅助注射成型系统的关键技术

为促进国内气体辅助注射成型技术的研究与应用，介绍了组建气体辅助注射成型系统的关键技术，包括对注射机要求、气体发生装置和控制系统的配置，模具设计时需遵循一定准则，进气亦需配备专用喷嘴。从型腔排出的气体可回收利用或直接排放到大气中。     

“十一五”我国石油替代和再生能源部分产品发展分析

能源多元化对保障国家能源安全,紧跟世界能源发展趋势,及时转变能源发展战略的意义重大。分类讨论替代燃料,分析其发展态势和需要的支撑条件。     

Production of nanoparticles of copper compounds by anodic dissolution of copper in organic solvents

The anodic behaviour of copper was investigated in ethanol solution containing LiClO₄, LiCl electrolyte and water. The type of electrolyte and the water content influences the mechanism of the anodic process and the formation of anodic products. In LiClO₄ electrolyte the dissolution of copper is related to the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II). In solutions of LiCl the etching of copper begins with the creation of soluble complexes of Cu(I) with chloride ions and solvent molecules. At potentials above 0.4 V the formation of alkoxides was observed in both solutions, characterized by a yellow tint. On the other hand, above 0.8 V (i.e. above the equilibrium potential of alcohol oxidation) copper dissolution is accompanied by the formation of a blue colloidal suspension of Cu (II) copper salt. Anodic etching of copper in solutions containing 3% H₂O at potentials higher than 0.4 V leads to the formation of colloidal suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles.     

尿素醇解法合成氨基甲酸乙酯的研究

对尿素醇解法合成氨基甲酸乙酯工艺进行了系统地研究,全面考察了反应温度、原料配比、反应时间及搅拌速度等因素对反应性能的影响。研究发现在反应温度为140℃,乙醇与尿素的摩尔比为4∶1,反应3.5 h,氨基甲酸乙酯最高收率为79.2%。     

Platinum particle size effect on the oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol

The effect of the platinum particle size was investigated for the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol to ethanal at a temperature of 303 K, an ethanol concentration of 260 mol m^–3, a partial oxygen pressure 60 kPa, a pH of 9, and an ethanal and ethanoate concentration of 20 mol m^–3. A particle size effect on the turnover frequency was observed but only for particle sizes smaller than 2 nm. Hence, the reaction shows a limited structure sensitivity.     

木质纤维素原料生产燃料酒精开发技术研究进展

在分析美国、日本、加拿大等国关于纤维素制取乙醇技术发展的基础上,对木质纤维素原料生产乙醇的预处理及水解为葡萄糖技术和纤维素原料发酵生产酒精生产技术、酒精废糟的处理利用进行了述评与讨论,对木质纤维素原料不同的预处理、水解和发酵方法进行了比较,展望了木质纤维素原料生产燃料酒精的前景.     

汽车用塑料注塑新技术的进展

综述了汽车用塑料的注射成型技术的进展，简单介绍了气体辅助注射成型(GAIM)、水辅助注射成型、熔芯注射成型、反应注射／增强反应注射(RIM／RRIM)成型等技术的特点、生产的汽车部件及最新动向。     

Vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol with Ni-Zn/c catalyst

Vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol with Ni/C and Ni-Zn/C catalyst was investigatedunder atmospheric pressure.Ni-Zn/C was found to have a significantly higher activity andselectivity than Ni/C.Effects of Zn and Ni loading on ethanol conversion and productdistributions were also investigated,and the sequence of metal loading was compared.The cata-lyst was characterized by XRD(X-ray diffraction)and SEM-EDS.The spectra of XRDdemonstrated that the catalyst structure was changed from crystalline to non-crystalline in theprocess of carbonylation.Stable iodide compound was formed due to the interaction betweenC_2H_5I and active metals.The authors believe that the active phase of carbonylation might havebeen non-crystalline.     

2-(2,5-二氨基苯)乙醇的合成

在二氯乙烷介质中,将3-氟苯乙酸于70℃下硝化4 h得到5-氟-2-硝基苯乙酸(质量分数为67.8%)。用硼烷还原5-氟-2-硝基苯乙酸后,接着用氨水在高压釜中加热到100℃氨解,得到2-(5-氨基-2-硝基苯)乙醇(84.4%)。最后,10%Pd/C作催化剂,在无水异丙醇介质中,0.6～0.7 MPa下,于70～80℃催化氢化12 h,得到目标分子2-(2,5-二氨基苯)乙醇(64%)。与文献工艺相比,目标分子总收率提高11%。用H–NMR和MS确定了目标分子2-(2,5-二氨基苯)乙醇的化学结构。