Examination of microhardness indentation-induced subsurface damage in alumina platelet reinforced borosilicate glass using confocal scanning laser microscopy

Borosilicate glass and borosilicate glass matrix composites reinforced with 10, 15 and 30 vol.% alumina platelets have been indented and the subsurface lateral cracking examined by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The suitability of the CSLM technique as a quick and nondestructive method of obtaining three-dimensional information of subsurface damage in dispersion reinforced brittle matrix composite materials was demonstrated. The addition of alumina platelets to the glass matrix has resulted in a reduction in the extent and depth of subsurface damage due to indentation, and hence may make the material more resistant to erosive wear. This damage development may be a consequence of the presence of residual compressive stresses in the matrix and the strong platelet/matrix interfacial bonding.     

喷丸与激光喷丸强化高强度钢对比试验

为了考察和对比喷丸(SP)和激光喷丸(LSP)2种表面强化技术对金属零件的强化效果,以30CrMnSiNi2A钢为试样,进行喷丸和激光喷丸强化处理试验。试验结果显示,2种强化试样的残余压应力和硬度都有较大的提高。分别测定了喷丸强化和激光喷丸强化试样在同一应力水平下的疲劳寿命,并运用扫描电镜分析了两者的疲劳断口。试验结果表明,激光喷丸强化试样中值疲劳寿命是喷丸强化试样的1.11~2.75倍,激光喷丸强化比喷丸强化在提高金属零件表面性能方面的效果更佳。     

Registration of confocal scanning laser microscopy and quantitative backscattered electron images for the temporospatial quantification of mineralization density in 18-month old thoroughbred racehorse articular calcified cartilage

Combined backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) have been used to put tissue mineralization data into the context of soft tissue histology and fluorescent label information. Mineralization density (Dm) and linear accretion rate (LAR) are quantifiable parameters associated with mineralizing fronts within calcified tissues. Quantitative BSE (qBSE) may be used to determine Dm, while CSLM may be used to detect label fluorescence from which LAR is calculated. Eighteen-month old Thoroughbred horses received single calcein injections 19 and 8 days prior to euthanasia, labeling sites of active mineralization with fluorescent bands. Confocal scanning laser microscopy images of articular calcified cartilage (ACC) from distal third metacarpal condyles were registered to qBSE images of the same sites using an in-house program. ImageJ and Sync Windows enabled the simultaneous collection of LAR and Dm data. The repeatability of the registration and measurement protocols was determined. Dm profiles between calcein labels were explored for an association with time. Dm was 119.7 +/- 24.5 (mean +/- standard deviation) gray levels (where 0 = backscattering from monobrominated and 255 from monoiodinated dimethacrylate standards, respectively), while modal and maximum LAR were 0.45 and 3.45 microm/day, respectively. Coefficients of variation (CV) for Dm were 0.70 and 0.77% with and without repeat registration, respectively; CVs for LAR were 1.90 and 2.26% with and without repeat registration, respectively. No relationship was identified between Dm and time in the 11-day interlabel interval. Registration of CSLM to qBSE images is sufficiently repeatable for quantitative studies of equine ACC.     

Application of confocal laser scanning microscopy to analysis of H2O2-induced DNA damage in human cells

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers improved depth discrimination and spatial resolution to the analysis of biologic samples. We demonstrate in this paper that such technology is valuable in examining DNA single-strand breaks in human cells. The single-cell-gel (SCG) assay is a new technique for measuring DNA strand breaks in individual cells. Cells embedded in lowmelting-point agarose are treated with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to induce DNA strand breaks. Following cell lysis and alkaline electrophoresis, which enables single-stranded break detection, analysis of the resulting “comets” provides an accurate method of comparing changes in DNA migration patterns, which have been shown to reflect the DNA damage levels. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) in single-stranded DNA damage levels was detected in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide concentrations as low as 10 nm for 2 min. LSM analysis of the SCG technique allows rapid, sensitive and reproducible quantitation of single-stranded breaks of cellular DNA.     

基于可达域的激光增材制造装备人机界面布局优化研究

由于激光增材制造装备具有多维度信息、多流程、多功能、多对象等人机交互特征,导致其人机交互效率低、舒适安全性差,直接影响制件成形质量的稳定性。基于此,提出一种基于可达域的激光增材制造装备人机界面布局优化方法。依据双手垂直可达域的舒适性划分人机交互界面可达域等级,构建基于可达域的激光增材制造装备人机界面布局优化模型。针对基于域模型构建的多决策变量界面布局模型求解问题,提出一种基于狼群-粒子群算法的混合智能求解算法,将狼群算法的奔走围攻行为机制引入粒子群算法,解决粒子群算法因种群多样性较低而导致计算结果容易陷入局部最优解问题。最后,以LDM4030激光增材制造装备为例,对其人机界面布局进行优化,并进行工效学仿真与眼动试验,结果表明：优化后的人机界面布局在舒适性、安全性以及界面的合理性上都优于原装备的设计,验证了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

SLS快速成形技术中激光加工参数对制件性能的影响

以AFS--320MZ快速成形机为例，研究了基于选择性激光烧结(SLS)快速成形制造中激光功率密度、扫描速度、扫描间距、扫描方式和铺粉密度等加工参数对制件性能的影响。     

基于激光干涉仪的数控机床运动误差识别与补偿

提出了数控机床运动误差的软件补偿方法。采用刚体运动假设和齐次坐标变换建立了多轴机床空间运动误差的通用模型。该模型把刀具相对于工件的空间误差表示为机床各结构件之间运动误差的位置函数。给出了全部运动误差参数的激光干扰仪识别方法，提出了一种新的roll误差测量措施，在立式加工中心上进行了运动误差的补偿实验，结果证明所提出的运动误差软件联动补偿效果显著。     

Structural studies of pulsed-laser deposited nanocomposite metal-oxide films

Pulsed laser deposition in vacuum has been used to develop metal-oxide nanocomposite films with well controlled structural quality. Results for the copper–aluminium oxide (Cu:Al₂O₃) system are used to illustrate the main morphological and structural features of these films. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that the films consist of Cu nanocrystals with average dimensions that can be controlled between 2 nm and 10 nm embedded in an amorphous Al₂O₃ matrix. It is observed that the in-plane shape of the nanocrystals evolves from circular to elongated, and the number of nanocrystals per unit area decreases as their size increases. This evolution is explained in terms of nucleation at the substrate surface and coalescence during the later stages of growth. The thermal stability of the films has been studied by in situ TEM annealing and no transformation could be observed up to about 800 °C when partial crystallization of the Al₂O₃ starts.     

激光快速成形中材料线收缩对翘曲性的影响

针对激光快速成形过程中光固化时零件产生翘曲的问题，从光固化树脂的体收缩和线收缩2个角度进行实验研究，发现体收缩对成形零件的翘曲变形并没有直接的,电话号码则线零件翘曲有着非常重要的影响，线收缩愈大，则零件翘曲愈厉害，但翘曲性除与线收缩有直接关系外，还与树脂材料本身结构有关。用双悬臂测试件及闭合桥结构测试试件进行了验证，为改善成形零件翘曲，提高成形精度提供了一定的理论和实验依据。