Dynamics of fluid circulation in coupled free and heterogeneous porous domains

Fluid flow in coupled free and porous domain, particularly when the porous medium is heterogeneous, is encountered in many hydro-environmental conditions, e.g., leakage from underground pipe, combined groundwater lake-subsurface interactions. One of the most difficult problems in the study of coupled flow behaviour has been the development of a universally applicable modelling scheme for combining the flow regimes. This is because the free/porous interfacial properties (e.g., shear-stress; velocity slip) that govern the coupled flow behaviour are difficult to determine experimentally under hydro-environmental conditions. On the other hand, the implications of various forms of heterogeneity in the porous media properties can be very different on the fluid-flow behaviour. Difficulties may also arise in direct coupling of the model equations that govern the fluid flow in the individual regions (e.g., Navier-Stokes for free-flow region and the Darcy's equation for the porous flow region). Consequently, models of coupled free and porous flow for hydro-environmental conditions are not very well developed at the moment. While there are some indications that fluids in coupled free and porous domains may circulate (i.e., development of flow cells), there is a lack of appropriate 3D analysis on how heterogeneities in porous media may affect such flow patterns. In this paper, we aim to analyse how porous media heterogeneity affects the dynamics of flow circulation in the porous side of a coupled free and porous domain. For this purpose, we analyse flow patterns in several model domains made up of two porous layers with differing permeabilities. The governing model equations are discretised and solved using the standard finite volume method on a staggered cell-centred mesh. The temporal discretisation is done using the explicit method. An in-house graphical user interface (GUI) has been created specifically to aid in the visualisation of otherwise complex flow patterns. The GUI contains many post-processing options and provides a comprehensive tool for the analysis of hydrodynamics and contaminant motion (not discussed in this paper) in coupled free and porous flow domains. This GUI is described in this paper briefly. The effects of altering the aspect ratio (i.e., multi-scale) of the domain on the coupled flow pattern have also been discussed.     

The preparation of coupled WO3/TiO2 photocatalyst by ball milling

The coupled photocatalyst WO₃/TiO₂ is prepared by ball milling by doping WO₃ into TiO₂ and using H₂O solution as disperser. The coupled photocatalyst WO₃/TiO₂ is characterized by UV–VIS diffuse reflection spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the optimum percentage of WO₃ doped is 3% and that the photocatalytic activity of the coupled WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst is much higher than that of TiO₂ and WO₃–TiO₂ with no ball milling. Compared with TiO₂, the photoexcited wavelength range of the WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst red-shifts about 50 nm, and the light absorption intensity is also improved. The crystal phase of TiO₂ is not changed and new crystal phases are not found during the process of ball milling. WO₃ and TiO₂ coupled highly, forming the WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalyst. The increased photocatalytic activity of the coupled photocatalyst may be attributed to the enhance charge separation efficiency and the extend wavelength range of photoexcitation.     

集成于无源UHF RFID标签的宽温测范围CMOS温度传感器

针对无源UHF RFID标签温度测量范围小、功耗等问题,本文提出了一种集成于无源UHF RFID标签的宽温测范围CMOS温度传感器。本文设计采用UMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS工艺进行设计,提出一种新温度脉冲转换电路结构产生随温度变化的脉冲,从而实现了宽温度测量。仿真结果表明:当温度范围在-75℃~125℃时,温度脉冲宽度变化近220μs,标签芯片供电电压为1.5V时,室温时新增的温度传感器模块功耗仅为200 nW,温度传感器精度为0.45℃/LSB。测试结果:在-5℃~45℃范围内进行测试,温度传感器精度为0.48℃/LSB,其中在室温25℃左右振荡器频率2.087 MHz,脉冲宽度大约110μs,异步计数器显示为011011000。     

基于STC单片机的焊接摆动器控制系统的设计

介绍了基于STC单片机焊接摆动器控制系统的设计,包括电源模块、单片机控制模块、直流电机脉宽调制(PWM)调速模块、红外线二极管检测与放大电路模块、人机交互模块等系统硬件设计,以及用C语言实现的系统软件设计.该系统能够控制焊枪以特定的预置参数进行摆动并配合一台小车进行流水线操作,从而达到自动焊接过程中的特殊要求.通过现场运行,系统稳定,可靠性高,满足工业现场要求.     

基于开关电流的Morlet小波变换研究

开关电流技术是一种新型的电流模式的模拟取样数据信号处理技术,对于实现小波变换具有很大的优势.Morlet小波在时域和频域都具有较好的局部性,能够提取信号中的幅值和相位信息.用开关电流技术实现Morlet小波变换的关键是高斯函数发生器.用Padé遥近获得高斯函数的有理分式逼近后,可以用开关电流一阶节和二阶节来实现高斯函数...     

简谐激励下一类干摩擦振子的响应计算

本文提出了计算简谐激励下一类干摩擦振子系统响应的解析方法,振子系统的摩擦力用含有限个Jenkins单元的Iwan模型描述。针对力-位移之间的分段线性关系,对振子运动逐段进行分析,并给出了各阶段内的系统的振动方程,最后通过变量代换,获得了方程的解析解. 由于每个阶段解的初值均由位移和速度的连续性条件得到,因此顺次求得各线性阶段中响应便获得了整个时域上的响应. 仿真结果表明,随着外激励量级的递增,接触面出现滑移,使得接触刚度减小,因而系统幅频曲线峰值明显左移;另一方面,系统的等效粘性阻尼会随着激励量级的递增而先增大后减小.     

多物理场耦合粉末成形中电热聚焦效应

为研究多物理场耦合粉末成形技术的低温超快速致密化成形机理,采用多物理场耦合粉末成形技术制备了微型铜齿轮。对铜粉末在600℃烧结过程的动力学曲线进行了分析,观察铜粉末分别在300℃、500℃和600℃烧结时试样断口的微观形貌,同时针对铜粉末烧结过程中的电流密度分布和温度场分布进行了数值模拟。研究发现,多物理场耦合粉末成形技术快速升温过程中,电场和热场在粉末颗粒中分布极不均匀,粉末颗粒接触处的电流密度和温度均远远高于颗粒其它位置的电流密度和温度,为此首次提出了“电热聚焦效应”。结果表明,电场和热场耦合并在颗粒接触点处高度聚焦产生的电热聚焦效应是多物理场耦合粉末成形过程中粉末材料实现低温超快速致密化成形的重要原因。     

Simultaneous optimization of photostrictive actuator locations,numbers and light intensities for structural shape control using hierarchical genetic algorithm

The present paper introduces an investigation into simultaneous optimization of the PbLaZrTi-based actuator configuration and corresponding applied light intensity for morphing beam structural shapes. A finite element formulation for multiphysics analysis of coupled opto-electro-thermo-mechanical fields in PbLaZrTi ceramics is derived and verified with the theoretical solution and the commercial software ANSYS. This element is then used to simulate beam bending shape control using the orthotropic PbLaZrTi actuators and the simultaneous optimization. In this procedure, the controlling and geometrical variables are simultaneously optimized via a hierarchical genetic algorithm. A bi-coded chromosome is proposed in a hierarchical mode, which consists of some control genes (i.e. actuator location and number) and parametric genes (i.e. applied light intensity). Whether the parametric gene is activated or not is managed by the value of the first-grade control genes. The numerical results demonstrate that the achieved beam bending shapes correlate remarkably well with the expected ones and the simultaneous optimization of photostrictive actuator locations, numbers and light intensities can result in optimal actuator layout with less PbLaZrTi actuators and irradiated light energy. The simulation results also show that the hierarchical genetic algorithm has more superior performance over the conventional real-coded genetic algorithm.     

基于变步长阵发混沌的ZPW-2000低频信号检测方法研究

针对常规混沌阵列检测轨道移频信号所带低频信息存在复杂度高和精确性低的问题,对常规方法进行改进,提出了一种基于变步长阵发混沌的低频信号检测方法,该方法只运用一个Duffing振子,通过设置一组步长可以覆盖整个待检测低频信号所在频段的序列,来实现对轨道低频信号的检测。结合Duffing混沌系统检测信号的优越性,分析了利用变步长阵发混沌法检测低频信号的可行性,给出了此方法检测低频信号的步骤,并从理论上计算了可发生阵发混沌的步长序列,然后利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型进行仿真验证。结果表明,可用变步长阵法混沌法对低频信号进行检测。最后再利用阵发混沌周期法对仿真结果进行进一步研究,得出精确的低频信号。变步长阵发混沌法的检测性能在精确性及系统复杂度方面都优于传统的轨道低频信号检测方法,并且可以实现低信噪比下低频信号的检测。     

Synchronization of Instantaneous Coupled Harmonic Oscillators With Communication and Input Delays

This paper investigates the synchronization issue of instantaneous coupled harmonic oscillators with communication and input delays. A distributed synchronization algorithm is proposed for such oscillator systems, and some general algebraic criteria on exponential convergence are established for the algorithm. The main contributions of the present investigations include: (i) the directed network topology is first considered in the case of instantaneous interaction; (ii) both the time‐varying communication and input delays are simultaneously addressed; (iii) the effects of communication and input delays on synchronization performance of coupled harmonic oscillators are discussed. It is shown the communication delays have a more important impact than the input delays on determining synchronization dynamics of coupled harmonic oscillators. Explicitly, in absence of communication delays, coupled harmonic oscillators can achieve synchronization oscillatory motion, whereas, so long as communication delays are nonzero at infinite multiple impulsive times, its synchronization (or consensus) state is zero. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the obtained theoretical results.