电厂主给水计算机控制系统的开发及应用

该文介绍了某核电站主给水计算机控制系统的开发研制工作，阐述了系统的硬件配置及软件编制，着重分析讨论了计算机与原仪表系统间的热备、实时控制软件开发中的变参数调节、主阀旁阀切换、跟踪与防积分饱和等问题。运行结果证实系统的开发应用获得成功，其控制品质优于原仪表控制系统。     

用彩色二维编码测量动态物体三维轮廓的方法

用红绿蓝颜色的正方形组成二维编码平面，并针其附着在被测物体表面，作为立体视觉测量中的匹配点。用2套光学成像系统获取被测物体的彩色图像，通过计算机图像处理技术找出2个图像中的匹配点，再根据匹配点的视差来获取物体的三维轮廓信息。这一方法特别适于对人体的运动进行三维跟踪测量。     

Using artificial fluorescent particles as tracers of livestock wastes within an agricultural catchment

Evidence for the movement of agricultural slurry and associated pollutants into surface waters is often anecdotal, particularly with relation to its ‘particulate’ components which receive less attention than ‘bio-available’ soluble phases. To assess the extent of movement of slurry particles artificial fluorescent particles were mixed with slurry and applied to a field sub-catchment within a headwater catchment. Particles were 2-60 μm in diameter and two different densities, 2.7 and 1.2 g cm^-3 representing ‘inorganic’ and ‘organic’ material. Water samples from the field and catchment outlet were collected during two storm events following slurry application and analysed for particle and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). SSC from the field and catchment outlet always formed clockwise hysteresis loops indicating sediment exhaustion and particles of the two densities were always found to be positively correlated. Particles from the field formed clockwise hysteresis loops during the first discharge event after slurry application, but anti-clockwise hysteresis loops during the second monitored event which indicated a depletion of readily mobilisable particles. Particles from the catchment outlet always formed anticlockwise hysteresis loops. Particle size became finer spatially, between field and catchment outlet, and temporally, between successive storm events. The results indicate that slurry particles may be readily transported within catchments but that different areas may contribute to pollutant loads long after the main peak in SSC has passed. The density of the particles did not appear to have any effect on particle transport however the size of the particles may play a more important role in the 2-60 μm range.     

基于区域划分的动态目标跟踪算法

为解决机器人足球比赛视觉子系统搜索目标时存在的误报和漏报问题,提出了基于区域划分的动态目标跟踪算法。首先建立比较合适的目标特征颜色信息库,然后划分成多级搜索目标可疑区域,来搜索目标可疑点,在可疑点周围建立跟踪区域,寻找最终目标点。最后用计算机仿真验证了算法的优越性。     

移动式机动车现场标准测速仪溯源技术的研究

介绍了当前广泛使用的两种基于光电和GPS原理的非接触移动式机动车现场标准测速仪的溯源技术,对光电式机动车速度仪和高精度机动车GPS测速仪进行了实验室模拟测速误差的检测和机动车道路速度实测值的对比试验。在10～180km/h范围内特定速度点,采用同步齿形带式台架校准装置对光电式机动车速度仪进行校准;采用机动车GPS信号模拟器对高精度机动车GPS测速仪在相同速度点进行模拟测速误差检测。使用机动车道路速度实测方法对两类测速仪器在20～150km/h速度范围内的测速性能进行对比,结果表明,两类测速仪器在速度波动较小时,不同速度点的测速偏差在±0.3%范围内;速度变化较快时,高精度机动车GPS测速仪的速度测量值响应速度较快,而光电式机动车速度仪的速度响应与之相比有一定的延时滞后,两者的最大测速偏差在±8%范围内。因此,在能够搜到6颗以上卫星信号时,使用高精度机动车GPS测速仪具有更好的测速性能。     

曲面造型中一种快速的曲面跟踪求交算法

提出了一种新的曲面求交算法,采用精度好、效率高、计算稳定的迭代方法求得等参数网格线在曲面上的交点,并通过跟踪获得两曲面的交线。本算法由三个子算法组成,一个是求曲面上到固定点距离最近的点,一个是求参数网格线与曲面的交点,一个是求曲面与曲面的交点。为保证不遗漏交点,利用第一个算法对参数网格点进行分类,跟踪交点时利用第三个求下一个交点。与离散法求交相比,本算法具有计算稳定性、可靠性好,速度快,精度高的优点     

焊缝跟踪中的非接触式超声波传感器的研究

介绍了超声波的物理基础,研制了焊接缝跟踪中的非接触超声波传感器。利用声阻抗匹配技术减小了超声波的传输损耗。设计了聚焦透镜,使声束焦点直径达到了０．５ｍｍ。     

基于Micro-PIV的微观流场检测技术

介绍了一种针对微观流场检测数字粒子图像测速技术,通过添加荧光显微装置,改进激光入射与照明方式、聚焦平面控制以及纳米级示踪粒子布朗运动误差消除算法等软硬件方面的技术创新,解决了微观检测的关键问题。针对微流体特征尺度小、精度要求高的特点,建立了具有自主知识产权的Micro－PIV微流场测试平台,并就几种典型微观流场进行了检测。试验结果表明该测试技术可对微米级稳态、瞬变流场进行全流场速度分布的检测,各项性能指标达到国际先进水平。     

An Interactive Designing System with Virtual Sculpting and Virtual Woodcut Printing

In this paper, we propose an interactive designing method and a system based on it to create 3D objects and 2D images. This system consists of two subsystems for virtual sculpting to create a 3D shape and virtual printing to produce a picture with a printing block. In the virtual sculpting subsystem, a user can form solid objects with curved surfaces as if sculpting them. The user operates virtual chisels, and can remove or attach arbitrary shapes of ellipsoids or cubes from or to the workpiece. A 3D object generated by virtual sculpting looks like a real wooden sculpture. If using a board as a workpiece, a user can generate a virtual printing block. In the virtual printing subsystem, a user can synthesize a woodcut printing image from the virtual printing block mentioned above, a virtual paper sheet, and a printing brush. The user can synthesize a realistic woodcut print with a procedure similar to the actual woodcut printing.     

基于PID算法的摆式客车倾摆控制研究

针对摆式客车倾摆控制系统的特点,采用PID控制策略,理论上分析了PID控制器的设计思想,设计了PID控制器的比例、积分、微分系数并根据其阶跃响应进行参数整定,参数整定后的PID控制系统的阶跃响应特性与仅有比例控制时相差无几,而且PID控制系统对不大于1Hz的不同频率的正弦信号的跟踪能力优良且变化不大,对于频率变化而又具有非线性特性的实测未平衡离心加速度信号的跟踪能力略有降低.仿真结果表明：直接用设计的PID控制器参数进行控制,控制效果变得更差,其参数必须经过整定;经参数整定后的PID控制系统其各种性能得到大为改善,基本满足摆式客车实际控制的要求.