快速流化床中颗粒团聚现象的数值模拟——曳力关联式的选择

Drag force is a key parameter in the numerical modeling of gas-particle flow in circulating fluidized beds. The reliability of current drag force correlations over the regime of fast fluidization has, however, not been thoroughly investigated. In this article, a drag force correlation accounting for the clustering effects for Geldart A particles is used to simulate the behaviors typical of fast fluidization, including dynamic evolution of clusters as well as time- averaged axial and lateral voidage profiles. Diverse images of clusters are captured and the time-averaged profiles of voidage are shown to be in quantitative agreement with the present empirical correlation. The results based on different constitutive correlations of drag force show the importance of the choice of drag force in modeling fast-fluidized beds. This drag force correlation, based on a simple averaging assumption, could give some basic insights about the magnitude of the drag reduction.     

Recent progress of crystal growth modeling and growth control

With the rapid growth of electronic and optoelectronic industry, the demand for crystal materials increased dramatically for the past two decades. The requirement for better, cheaper, and larger single crystals has driven extensive research and development in crystal growth. To understand the interplay of associated transport processes and phase transformation, as well as to provide a design basis, crystal growth modeling is becoming more important in both fundamentals and practice. In this article, we review some recent progress of numerical modeling in crystal growth through three subjects: (1) hot-zone design, (2) active growth control, and (3) morphological simulation. Examples are given through our research results in recent years. For better illustration and process understanding some visualization results using transparent materials are given. The needs and the challenges ahead for crystal growth modeling are also discussed.     

多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型的推导及其应用

基于Whitaker的体积平均方程，在不附加任何新的假设的基础上，对多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型进行推导，得出了多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型。并应用该模型对瓷质砖体干燥过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果与实验结果十分吻合。     

多年冻土区聚苯乙烯隔热公路路基温度场数值分析

为了研究随外界环境条件改变聚苯乙烯(EPS)冻土路基温度场变化特征,运用ABAQUS有限元分析方法,对多年冻土区EPS隔热路基的温度场进行了数值模拟.计算时采用改变EPS铺设位置,模拟路面下多年冻土季节最大融深在路基修筑完工后8 a内随时间的变化.通过对计算结果分析得出,在多年冻土区路基中铺设保温材料对路面下多年冻土具有明显的保护作用.当EPS铺设在路堤底部时,路堤温度场分布比较均匀,路堤内部都为正温,在EPS板下,路基温度都为负温,说明EPS有效阻止了边坡和路面传入的热量.因此,如果要修筑EPS隔热路基,应将EPS板铺设于路堤底部.     

提升管内气固两相双组分颗粒流动的离散颗粒硬球模型的模拟

基于离散颗粒(DPM)硬球模型，数值模拟提升管内双组分颗粒气固两相湍流流动行为。应用Vreman的亚格子尺度（SGS）模型模拟气体湍流，建立考虑不同颗粒加速度效应的两颗粒碰撞最小时间计算模型。数值模拟预测了大颗粒和小颗粒的速度和浓度分布。研究结果表明小颗粒具有高的轴向速度和脉动速度，而大颗粒具有低的轴向速度和脉动速度。在床中心区域，小颗粒轴向速度分布出现3个峰值，对于大颗粒轴向速度仅出现两个峰值。在壁面区域大颗粒和小颗粒速度均出现两个峰值。沿床径向方向呈现床中心颗粒浓度低、壁面区域颗粒浓度高的环核流动结果。随着表观气速的增大，颗粒浓度沿径向和床高分布趋于均匀。在床中心区域模拟计算轴向颗粒速度、颗粒浓度和RMS速度与文献实验结果相吻合。在提升管内气体湍流对小颗粒流动具有一定的影响，颗粒间碰撞作用对颗粒相流动的影响大于气相湍流的影响。     

带有中间储罐的塔用于间歇萃取精馏

Batch extractive distillation was studied in a column with a middle vessel. The process was simulated by a constant holdup model and solved by two point implicit method. Acetone and methanol mixture was separated in such a setup using water as solvent. The simulation agrees well with experimental results. The experimental and simulation results show that the solvent at the bottom and the product at the top of the column can be withdrawn simultaneously for a long period of time. It needs more time for the solvent to reach high purity than that required for the more volatile component to reach high purity, so that the time to withdraw solvent from the bottom is delayed.     

Radial density distribution of fractal clusters

The radial density distributions of fractal clusters generated in both DLCA and RLCA conditions by Monte-Carlo off-lattice cluster-cluster aggregation have been investigated. It has been computed by averaging a large number of clusters of same mass to form an average cluster, which is then considered as spherically symmetric. It is found that the radial density distribution, calculated using the mass center of the cluster as the center point, does not follow the fractal scaling, as sometimes assumed in the literature. An empirical model has been proposed to describe the dependence of the radial density distribution on the number of particles in the cluster. The obtained radial density distribution is used to compute permeability profile of the fractal cluster using several literature models, which is then applied to estimate the cluster hydrodynamic radius, R_h, by considering the cluster as a porous permeable object and using the solution of Brinkman equations for the fluid flow inside the cluster. The so obtained R_h values are compared to those in the literature, computed using the Kirkwood-Riseman (KR) theory. It has been found that, among the five permeability models examined, only the model proposed by Davis (Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B 1, 185) provides results in good agreement with those obtained using the KR model. Furthermore, it has been verified that the R_h values are insensitive to the model used for the density distribution.     

树脂膜熔渗工艺及其数值分析方法

本文首先介绍了树脂膜熔渗RFI成型工艺的发展现状、技术原理、材料要求及工艺特点,然后重点阐述了RFI工艺过程的数值模拟方法,对如何建立能够反映RFI工艺过程中树脂流动、固化和热传递等物理化学现象的数学模型进行了讨论.RFI工艺过程涉及参数较多,单纯采用试验方法来研究各种参数变化带来的影响不仅耗时,而且也不经济,结合数值模拟方法对RFI工艺进行研究,可以减少盲目性和提高效率,从而为优化工艺参数提供理论依据.     

静电纺PLA微/纳米纤维膜的浸润性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)微/纳米纤维膜,研究了其可纺性、浸润性能及结构。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为溶剂的PLA电纺丝溶液,当PLA质量分数为7%时,可纺出纤维直径为280～690 nm的PLA微/纳米纤维膜。PLA微/纳米纤维膜与水的接触角为127.6°,高于PLA流延膜与水的接触角107.7°;红外光谱分析表明,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的分子组成没有发生变化;X光电子能谱测试表明PLA微/纳米纤维膜的表面碳氧含量比高于PLA流延膜,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的疏水性得到提高。     

基于转轮换型的水轮机增容改造及数值模拟

从青海铁吾电站HL160-WJ-84水轮机运行中的实际问题出发,在明确了水轮机改造的方向和目标后,对新旧型谱系列模型转轮的性能进行了对比分析。基于对比结果,初选出了D06A转轮用于技术改造试验。对改造前后的水轮机全流道进行三维湍流数值计算,给出了水轮机改造前后的水动力学特性差异。同时,对改造前后的水轮机蜗壳、转轮叶片的流态分布状况进行了分析比较,对改造后的水轮机整体水力性能进行预估。分析认为,对于小型卧式HL160机组而言,更换转轮后还需对上冠泄水孔实施改造,以防止对流场造成扰动,降低机组的效率。