Role of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Plasticity in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Implications for Locoregional Treatments

The mechanisms by which neoplastic cells disseminate from the primary tumor to metastatic sites, so-called metastatic organotropism, remain poorly understood. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in cancer development and progression by converting static epithelial cells into the migratory and microenvironment-interacting mesenchymal cells, and by the modulation of chemoresistance and stemness of tumor cells. Several findings highlight that pathways involved in EMT and its reverse process (mesenchymal–epithelial transition, MET), now collectively called epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), play a role in peritoneal metastases. So far, the relevance of factors linked to EMP in a unique peritoneal malignancy such as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on the role of epithelial–mesenchymal dynamics in the metastatic process involving mucinous neoplastic dissemination in the peritoneum. In particular, we discuss the role of expression profiles and phenotypic transitions found in PMP in light of the recent concept of EMP. A better understanding of EMP-associated mechanisms driving peritoneal metastasis will help to provide a more targeted approach for PMP patients selected for locoregional interventions involving cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.     

Laser induced fast ignition made realistic by relativistic velocities-dream or reality?

Due to the recent developments in high power lasers it is suggested to accelerate a micro-foil by the laser pressure to relativistic velocities. The time dependent velocity of this micro-foil is calculated analytically for pulsed constant laser intensity. The accelerated foil collides with a target creating a shock wave on impact. The shock wave parameters are calculated within the context of relativistic fluid dynamics.It is suggested to use the energy of the relativistic micro-foil to ignite a pre-compressed target with a density relevant for fusion ignition. The equations are written and solved for the collision between the micro-foil and the very dense target. The criteria for shock wave ignition and heat wave ignition are used to show that one needs significantly less laser energy for heat wave ignition.The present scheme shows that nuclear fast ignition by micro-foil impact could be attained in the near future with lasers that are currently under construction.     

Burkholderia thailandensis E264/pBMTL3-tdpR发酵生产抗癌药物ThailandepsinA的研究

在伯克氏菌Bth264野生株产新型抗癌药物Thailandepsin A以及调节基因tdp R正向调控Thailandepsin A生物合成的基础上,利用基因工程菌Bth264/p BMTL3-tdp R发酵生产Thailandepsin A,以提高产量。以0.5%乳糖为诱导剂,确定最佳诱导条件:发酵15 h添加乳糖,诱导时间6 h;通过单因素实验,确定葡萄糖和胰蛋白胨作为碳氮源、装液量65/250 m L以及接种量1%;同时结合优化发酵培养基进行发酵,Thailandepsin A产量达到252.14 mg·L-1,比优化前的产量提高56%;另外在发酵过程中,添加大孔树脂HP-20原位吸附产物,Thailandepsin A产量可达283.75 mg·L-1,比不加树脂提高13.8%;最后,基于RT-PCR和比较Ct值法,基因工程菌和野生菌相比,Thailandepsin A生物合成基因tdp B、tdp C1的转录水平分别提高11.4倍和6.0倍,对应的产量增加4.6倍,从而在很大程度上说明调节基因tdp R的过表达促进生物合成基因转录水平的提高以及产量的增加。     

Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the influence of La2O3 on the melt structure of SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO

In order to gain more insights into the influence of rare earth elements on the melt structure of SiO₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO glass ceramics, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to study the influence of La₂O₃ on the Si–O/Al–O tetrahedron structure within SiO₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO–quenched glass samples in this study. Results showed that some Raman peak shapes at low frequencies (200–840 cm^?1) changed significantly after the addition of La₂O₃, compared to the high frequency (840–1200 cm^?1) region that corresponds to the [SiO₄] structure, suggesting that the depolymerization of the low-frequency T–O–T (T=Si or Al) structure was more prevalent with La³⁺ addition. Besides, the depolymerization extent of the Si–O/Al–O tetrahedral network varied when the melt composition altered. Most notably, depolymerization is the most significant at a low CaO/SiO₂ ratio (0.25) and a high Al₂O₃ content (8%). Meanwhile, La³⁺ can promote the transformation of Si–O–Si and Al–O–Al bonds to the Si–O–Al ones, thereby forming a complex ionic cluster network interwoven with Si–O and Al–O tetrahedrons.     

Unique CNTs-chained Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles as excellent high rate anode materials for Li-ion capacitors

Composite anode materials with a unique architecture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-chained spinel lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, LTO) nanoparticles are prepared for lithium ion capacitors (LICs). The CNTs networks derived from commercial conductive slurry not only bring out a steric hindrance effect to restrict the growth of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ particles but greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of the CNTs/LTO composites, both have contributed to the excellent rate capability and cycle stability. The capacity retention at 30 C (1 C = 175 mA g^?1) is as high as 89.7% of that at 0.2 C with a CNTs content of 11 wt%. Meanwhile, there is not any capacity degradation after 500 cycles at 5 C. The LIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and such a CNTs/LTO composite anode displays excellent energy storage properties, including a high energy density of 35 Wh kg^?1 at 7434 W kg^?1, and a high capacity retention of 87.8% after 2200 cycles at 1 A g^?1. These electrochemical performances outperform the reported data achieved on other LTO anode-based LICs. Considering the facile and scalable preparation process proposed herein, the CNTs/LTO composites can be very potential anode materials for hybrid capacitors towards high power-energy outputs.     

DC conductivity and AC impedance of Mn doped magnesia alumina spinel (MgAl2-2xMn2xO4) over a large temperature range

MgAl_2-2xMn_2xO₄ (MAMO) with x = 0-0.12 was synthesized in a single-phase form by solid-state reaction. XRD analysis showed that the samples had the cubic center structure of the Fd-3 m space group. Electrical properties of the samples were studied over the temperature range of 300 K∼1073 K. The results showed that the DC conductivity (σ_DC) increased from 10⁻¹¹S/cm at 300 K (MAMO, x = 0) to 10^-3S/cm at 1073 K (MAMO, x = 0.12). The equivalent circuit of the complex impedance spectra suggested that the relaxation of charge carriers was of non-Debye type. The conduction was mainly caused by grain boundaries and the capacitance was mainly attributed to polarization. The complex permittivity values (ε’ and ε’’) were increased by two orders of magnitude with the increase in Mn content and temperature over the measured frequency range (1 Hz-1 MHz). Therefore, doping with Mn could be applied to modify the electrical properties of MAMO at high temperature.     

Performance investigation on a novel 3D wave flow channel design for PEMFC

Flow field structure can largely determine the output performance of Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Excellent channel configuration accelerates electrochemical reactions in the catalytic layer, effectively avoiding flooding on the cathode side. In present study, a three-dimensional, multi-phase model of PEMFC with a 3D wave flow channel is established. CFD method is applied to optimize the geometry constructions of three-dimensional wave flow channels. The results reveal that 3D wave flow channel is overall better than straight channel in promoting reactant gases transport, removing liquid water accumulated in microporous layer and avoiding thermal stress concentration in the membrane. Moreover, results show the optimal flow channel minimum depth and wave length of the 3D wave flow channel are 0.45 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Due to the periodic geometric characteristics of the wave channel, the convective mass transfer is introduced, improving gas flow rate in through-plane direction. Furthermore, when the cell output voltage is 0.4 V, the current density in the novel channel is 23.8% higher than that of conventional channel.     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的残留量

该研究建立了一种亲水交互作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）法测定动物源运动食品中潮霉素B、新霉素、安普霉素3种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留量的方法。结果表明，样品经Sielc Obelisc R柱分离，采用0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱，可以实现3种目标物组分的分离。在此条件下，3种氨基糖苷类抗生素在5～500 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数R2为0.999 5～0.999 9，检出限均为15 μg/kg，定量限均为50 μg/kg，保留时间的日间和日内相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为3.5%～7.9%和3.5%～4.1%，峰面积的日间和日内RSD分别为3.6%～7.4%和3.2%～3.9%，加标回收率为85.7%～93.6%，回收率试验结果的RSD为3.1%～5.2%。该方法可以满足动物源运动食品中3种氨基糖苷类抗生素的检测需求。     

Rapid screening of DON contamination in whole wheat meals by Vis/NIR spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology

This work intends to develop an online experimental system for screening of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in whole wheat meals by visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology. Spectral and image information of samples with various DON levels was collected at speed of 0.15 m s⁻¹ on a conveyor belt. The two-type data were then integrated and subjected to chemometric analysis. Discriminant analysis showed that samples could be classified by setting 1000 μg kg⁻¹ as the cut-off value. The best correct classified rate obtained in prediction was 93.55% based on fusion of spectral and image features, with reduced prediction uncertainty as compared to single feature. However, quantification of DON by quantitative analysis was not successful due to poor model performance. These results indicate that, although not accurate enough to provide conclusive result, this coupling technology could be adopted for rapid screening of DON contamination in cereals and feeds during processing.     

Polyaniline-based networks combined with Fe3O4 hollow spheres and carbon balls for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption

Polyaniline (PANI)-based networks combined with Fe₃O₄ hollow spheres and carbon balls (FCP) for improved electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption were investigated using an easy-to-industrialize solvothermal and physical method. Hollow structure Fe₃O₄ spheres with a lower density than that of the common solid sphere were prepared. As a thin and light magnetic material, Fe₃O₄ hollow spheres generate magnetic loss, carbon balls and PANI networks generate dielectric loss. The magnetic and conductive parts play appropriate roles in achieving complementarity in the EMW absorption. The relatively high specific surface area introduced by PANI networks promotes interfacial polarization and further supports dielectric loss. In conclusion, the above reasons provide multiple attenuation mechanisms. Samples FCP1 (?65.109 dB, at 12.800 GHz, 1.966 mm, from 5.6 to 18.0 GHz) and FCP2 (?61.033 dB, at 8.480 GHz, 3.328 mm, from 4.3 to 18.0 GHz) demonstrated a wide bandwidth, a small thickness, a minimum reflection loss (R_L), and a low loading ratio (25%) in paraffin-based composites. Specifically, their loading ration of 25% is much lower than the loading ratio of conventional materials (usually 50% and above). In addition, the bandwidth is excessively wide, above 12 GHz, possessing good absorption performance in continuous intervals with different thicknesses. Such excellent characteristics have rarely been reported in literature.