铝质材料的摩擦学表面改性

铝质材料阳极氧化膜系均匀、规则的微观多孔质结构，利用物理、化学或电化学的方法在其中沉积或原位合成润滑性物质，在保持阳极氧化膜质硬、耐磨特性的基础上，使其具有一定的白润滑性，是近十多年来铝质材料表面改性研究的热点领域之一，本文对该研究的基本原理和国内外发展概况进行了概述，并重点介绍了我们在这一方面研究中的一些最新进展和结果，分别介绍了三种新型体系的自润滑改性阳极氧化铝材料．     

珠粒和工艺因素对消失模铸造模质量的影响

从珠粒因素和工艺因素两方面分别介绍了其对消失模铸造模质量的影响情况及在中国的研究现状,对其原因进行了分析,得出了珠粒粒度和发泡剂含量、发泡工艺和模密度、发泡工艺和成型工艺等都相互制约的结论,并提出,可以通过对以上关键因素正交优化达到控制模质量的目的.     

卡拉胶改性三聚磷酸铝对水性环氧涂层防腐性能的影响

通通过卡拉胶（KC）对三聚磷酸铝（ATP）进行接枝改性获得KC-ATP改性填料,再将其添加到水性环氧树脂（WEP）中制备复合防腐涂层。采用FTIR、XPS、TG、SEM对ATP改性前后的形貌、结构进行表征。结果表明,KC成功地接枝到ATP表面,改善了ATP的水溶性。采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和盐雾实验考察了复合涂层的防腐性能。结果表明,复合涂层的防腐性能明显优于纯水性环氧涂层,且当KC-ATP功能填料含量为1.0%时（以水性环氧树脂的质量为基准,下同）,涂层的耐腐蚀性能达到最佳,浸泡48 h后涂层的极化电阻Rp为8.183×107 Ω∙cm2,远高于ATP改性复合涂层和纯环氧涂层。     

微乳液泡沫驱油技术原理、挑战和研究进展

微乳液驱和泡沫驱是强化采油领域中的两个重要技术。前者利用表面活性剂形成油-水微乳液提高增溶能力,降低油水界面张力和毛细管阻力,从而提高驱替效率和微观采收率;后者利用泡沫剂将气体稳定地分散在水相中,在油藏孔隙中形成泡沫,封堵优势通道和已驱替区域,从而扩大波及体积并提高宏观采收率。通过综述两个技术的国内外发展历史和研究进展,阐明了其优势和局限性。近年来提出的微乳液泡沫驱油技术,又称为低张力泡沫驱,其既可以保留两个独立技术的优势,又可以克服他们的缺点,最终同时提高微观和宏观采收率。但是在实际研究中,微乳液泡沫驱技术却面临理论和应用上的双重挑战。通过调查国内外相关研究进展,详细阐述了微乳液泡沫驱技术目前面临的挑战、研发思路和研究建议。     

Degradable Superhydrophilic Iron-Pillared Bentonite Doped with Polybutylene Adipate/Terephthalate Open-Cell Foam: Its Application in Dye Degradation,Removal of Heavy Metal Ions,and Oil–Water Separation

Development of industrialization has brought convenience to people's lives; however, it has also brought serious harm to the environment, where, water pollution is the most obvious. Here, a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) open-cell foam doped with iron-pillared bentonite (IPB) is prepared by using sugar as a pore-forming agent and solution phase separation, and then combined with a solution dipping method to coat the foam surface with a polyacrylamide/SiO₂, which makes the PBAT foam superhydrophilic. The static adsorption effect of superhydrophilic IPB-doped PBAT open-cell foam on methylene blue (MB) and Cu²⁺ is studied. The adsorption isotherm fitting shows that the adsorption conforms to the Langmuir model and it has biased toward monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitting confirms that the adsorption process is in line with the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, which is dominated by chemical adsorption. The modified PBAT open-cell foam has an adsorption effect on Cu²⁺; however, it has weak cyclic adsorption capacity. It shows a good cyclic adsorption ability for the cationic dye MB and it has >95% photodegradation efficiency of the MB after five time's cyclic adsorption. The superhydrophilicity makes the foam to have better applications in oil–water separation.     

Effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foams

A hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foam (FHCs/KGP) was fabricated by the simultaneous incorporation of O₂ pore from hydrogen peroxide and cenosphere filler addition. Effects of both H₂O₂ content and high-temperature treatment on the microstructure, porosity and strength of porous FHCs/KGP foams were investigated systematically. The obtained FHCs/KGP foams showed typical amorphous structure and desirable porosity from 65 to 82%. The composites could crystallize in situ to FHCs/leucite foams above 1000℃. Compression strength of the FHCs/leucite foams showed a maximum value of 5 ± 0.3 MPa when treated at 1000°C. The improvement of mechanical properties for the composite foams was attributed to crack deflection, fractured microspheres and the good bond between the FHCs and matrix. This study could open opportunities to employ cellular foams as alternatives in structure and filtration applications.     

镁合金表面激光电弧复合熔覆 5556 铝合金工艺研究

铝合金熔覆是轻量化镁合金表面涂层防护的重要方法。 本研究使用 AZ80A 镁合金作为基材, 使用 5556 铝 合金作为熔覆合金, 并使用激光电弧复合熔覆进行了铝合金熔覆层制备。 对熔覆层组织进行了分析, 重点研究了 激光摆动对熔覆层品质的影响。 结果表明, 当激光无摆动时, 熔覆层宽度有限, 无法正常形成各道次熔覆层的有 效搭接, 且缺陷较多。 在增加激光摆幅的情况下, 激光加热能量会更均匀地在镁合金基材表面分散, 有效增加了 熔宽, 提升了各道次熔覆层的搭接率, 促进内部缺陷更少、 品质更高的连续熔覆层的形成。     

铝合金熔体旋转喷吹除气净化过程模拟

采用计算机模拟方法对铝合金熔体旋转喷吹除气净化过程的温度场以及流场进行分析。结果表明,在转杆内部放置一个导气管,可以显著降低气体温度,从而可以有效地解决旋转喷头由于熔剂因高温变软而堵塞的问题;旋转速度和进气流量对铝合金熔体旋转喷吹除气净化效果具有重要影响,应该根据具体情况选择合适的工艺参数。熔池为方形结构时,气体主要从对角处出去,而远离对角处的体积分数却显著降低,甚至可能发生吸气。     

应变速率对闭孔泡沫铝力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响

采用分离式霍普金森压杆 (SHPB)技术 ,研究了应变速率 (1× 10 - 3s- 1 ～ 2 5 0 0s- 1 )对泡沫铝力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响。结果表明 :泡沫铝有较高的应变速率敏感性 ,随应变速率的增加 ,泡沫铝的屈服强度和吸能能力增加 ,泡沫铝的应变速率敏感性随应变、应变速率变化幅度的增加而增加。     

真空渗流法制备泡沫铝及其动态力学性能的研究

以真空渗流法制备陶瓷中空球泡沫铝,研究了应变率对吸能量和吸能效率的影响、相对密度对屈服强度的影响,并与普通泡沫铝进行比较。结果表明,工艺简单可行,所制备的泡沫铝的动态压缩应力-应变曲线只有弹性变形区和塑性变形区;随应变率的增大,屈服强度和吸能效率变化规律不明显,吸能量增大;随相对密度的增大,屈服强度增大,吸能量增大,吸能效率也增大;动态压缩时两种泡沫铝的吸能效率均较高,最大吸能效率大于0.9,是良好的吸能材料。