Next Generation Cereal Crop Yield Enhancement: From Knowledge of Inflorescence Development to Practical Engineering by Genome Editing

Artificial domestication and improvement of the majority of crops began approximately 10,000 years ago, in different parts of the world, to achieve high productivity, good quality, and widespread adaptability. It was initiated from a phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developed to current biotechnology-based breeding to feed over 7 billion people. For most cereal crops, yield relates to grain production, which could be enhanced by increasing grain number and weight. Grain number is typically determined during inflorescence development. Many mutants and genes for inflorescence development have already been characterized in cereal crops. Therefore, optimization of such genes could fine-tune yield-related traits, such as grain number. With the rapidly advancing genome-editing technologies and understanding of yield-related traits, knowledge-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality. This review introduces knowledge about inflorescence yield-related traits in cereal crops, focusing on rice, maize, and wheat. Next, emerging genome-editing technologies and recent studies that apply this technology to engineer crop yield improvement by targeting inflorescence development are reviewed. These approaches promise to usher in a new era of breeding practice.     

A Projective Framework for Polyhedral Mesh Modelling

We present a novel framework for polyhedral mesh editing with face‐based projective maps that preserves planarity by definition. Such meshes are essential in the field of architectural design and rationalization. By using homogeneous coordinates to describe vertices, we can parametrize the entire shape space of planar‐preserving deformations with bilinear equations. The generality of this space allows for polyhedral geometric processing methods to be conducted with ease. We demonstrate its usefulness in planar‐quadrilateral mesh subdivision, a resulting multi‐resolution editing algorithm, and novel shape‐space exploration with prescribed transformations. Furthermore, we show that our shape space is a discretization of a continuous space of conjugate‐preserving projective transformation fields on surfaces. Our shape space directly addresses planar‐quad meshes, on which we put a focus, and we further show that our framework naturally extends to meshes with faces of more than four vertices as well.     

DeviceLink技术在PhotoShop中的应用

ICC色彩特性文件(ICC Profile)是用来描述输入、输出设备或者某种色彩空间颜色特性的数据集合,它被广泛用于色彩管理。通常情况下,用设备特性文件在色彩管理中实施颜色转换的时候,要经过连接空间(PCS)进行转换,即先把源颜色空间的颜色转化到PCS空间,再由PCS空间转换到目标颜色空间。连接空间一般是与设备无关的颜色空间,例如CIEXYZ或CIELAB。这种方法在颜色空间转换过程中,会对部分颜色重新进行分色,有可能丢失一些非常重要的颜色信息。而DeviceLink技术与传统的基于ICC的色彩转换不同,能够直接在设备颜色空间之间建立联系。下面我们将探讨DeviceLink Profile的工作原理以及应用。     

信息时代网络期刊编辑过程的特征及对策

伴随着数字化的深入、互联网的普及,网络出版物悄然兴起,研究网络出版环境下期刊编辑过程的特征,对于数字化时代编辑规律的演进过程是一种有益探索。以网络环境下的期刊编辑特征为研究对象,从编辑活动和出版活动的关系上着眼,论述网络出版环境下编辑过程的新变化,进而探索编辑活动发展的规律和对策。     

在线半监督Kohonen网络的预抓取手势识别

为实现智能仿生手的抓取,提高模式识别的实时性和灵敏性,提出一种在线半监督Kohonen网络。该网络针对表面肌电信号(s EMG)的特性,在有监督Kohonen网络基础上,将有监督和无监督网络的优势进行结合,应用数据剪辑方法处理训练集更新识别网络,在线识别侧边抓取、球形抓取、三指精确抓取和圆柱形抓取4种预抓取手势。实验表明,与不同Kohonen网络相比,此识别方法具有很好的在线识别能力和正确率。     

汉字错字字形动态生成和编辑系统

汉语的独特性使得汉语成为当今语言学习的一大热点。针对当前汉语教学中出现的汉字错字方面的教学问题,提供一种简单、方便、高效的错字输入法并设计实现了汉字错字字形动态生成与编辑系统,该系统使用动态编辑技术解决了编辑过程中错字的实时编辑、编码和输入的问题,为错字的编辑、印刷和排版及数字化汉语教学研究提供了一种方便的错字输入方法。此方法还可用于古籍异体字、甲骨文、金文、民俗拼合字等字形的动态编辑、生成与处理。     

Optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance

The primary concern of traditional Byzantine fault tolerance is to ensure strong replica consistency by executing incoming requests sequentially according to a total order. Speculative execution at both clients and server replicas has been proposed as a way of reducing the end-to-end latency. In this article, we introduce optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. Optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance aims to achieve higher throughput and lower end-to-end latency by using a weaker replica consistency model. Instead of ensuring strong safety as in traditional Byzantine fault tolerance, nonfaulty replicas are brought to a consistent state periodically and on-demand in optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. Not all applications are suitable for optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. We identify three types of applications, namely, realtime collaborative editing, event stream processing, and services constructed with conflict-free replicated data types, as good candidates for applying optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. Furthermore, we provide a design guideline on how to achieve eventual consistency and how to recover from conflicts at different replicas. In optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance, a replica executes a request immediately without first establishing a total order of the message, and Byzantine agreement is used only to establish a common state synchronization point and the set of individual states needed to resolve conflicts. The recovery mechanism ensures both replica consistency and the validity of the system by identifying and removing the operations introduced by faulty clients and server replicas.     

基于Tri-Training半监督分类算法的研究

在实际应用中,容易获取大量的未标记样本数据,而样本数据是有限的,因此,半监督分类算法成为研究者关注的热点.文中在协同训练Tri-Training算法的基础上,提出了采用两个不同的训练分类器的Simple-Tri-Training方法和对标记数据进行编辑的Edit-Tri-Training方法,给出了这三种分类方法与监督分类SVM的分类实验结果的比较和分析.实验表明,无标记数据的引入,在一定程度上提高了分类的性能;初始训练集和分类器的选取以及标记过程中数据编辑技术,都是影响半监督分类稳定性和性能的关键点.     

搜索引擎在学术期刊编辑工作中的作用与应用策略

本文通过阐述分析网络信息资料库的特点,讲述了学术期刊编辑如何使用搜索引擎来更简单方便的检索工作所需要的信息,并点明了在使用搜索引擎时应注意的问题,从而使编辑在工作中减少无用功,提高工作效率。     

伊春电视台非线性编辑站组网改造

非线性编辑网络系统在电视节目制作中得到了广泛应用。文章探讨了非线性编辑网络系统组成结构．存在问题,系统性能评估内容和指标,为非线性编辑网络系统的质量提升提供一定参考。