《万叶集》中的咏梅和歌

《万叶集》里的咏梅和歌集中出现在天平时期(729~749年),大多出自大伴旅人、大伴加持等贵族官人之手。本文通过具体分析《万叶集》咏梅和歌中梅与雪、梅与柳、梅与莺以及梅花"插发"等几种主要模式,指出其在构思、选材以及用词上模仿借鉴了魏晋南北朝至初唐的咏梅汉诗赋。但由于中日两国传统审美情趣的不同,汉诗赋与和歌的根本差异,《万叶集》咏梅和歌与魏晋南北朝至初唐的咏梅汉诗赋在意境和文化蕴涵上又存在着本质区别。     

北欧地域性建筑成因探究

当代北欧建筑以其简洁、优雅的特点闻名于世,从合理的社会制度、平等的社会观念、以人为本的设计传统和强烈的民族认同四个方面阐述了北欧建筑具有简洁、优雅特征的原因。     

北方地区绿色建筑行动纲要

我国北方地区城市建筑约占全国建筑总量的26%,但建筑能耗却占到全国的40%~50%,因此,北方地区推行绿色建筑对节能减排意义重大。本文从选址与节地、供热计量、绿色建筑激励政策等十个方面阐述北方地区绿色建筑行动纲要。     

南阳盆地北缘更新世以来的构造演化特征

南阳盆地是白垩纪晚期以来持续发育的断陷盆地，通过对南阳盆地钻孔及河流阶地的研究，并结合ESR测年方法，对南阳盆地北缘更新世以来的构造演化特征进行了分析。结果表明：研究区冲洪积层主要由全新统、上更新统、中更新统组成，分别构成了湍河的Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级阶地；中更新统以来，研究区垂直升降运动较为明显，湍河下蚀作用十分强烈，多级阶地的结构体现了更新世中晚期以来的总体持续下蚀过程，且时间和空间上表现出不均衡性，其下蚀速率由慢至快又逐渐减缓。     

Coastal trapped waves in the southern Caspian Sea

Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes.     

The Trees of the Sacred Natural Sites of Zagori,NW Greece

Cultural landscapes can often be identified by the presence of sacred trees which have been retained and can be recognised as distinctive veteran trees. The characteristics of these trees such as huge size and longevity give them an enduring presence in the landscape, while their conceptualisation as the ‘domesticated’ wild, transform them into symbols of spirituality and local history. In Zagori, NW Greece, trees gain sanctity by virtue of proximity or connection with sacred sites often associated with churches. In these sites, trees can grow into natural shapes as a result of strong taboos, which prevent use for private needs. There is an association between tree species and the nature of the sacred site: broadleaved oaks and maples are associated with outlying churches; plane trees are located in central squares, next to the church and provide a focal point for community life, while in cemeteries native evergreens are nowadays replaced by planted conifers. In the present day local communities appreciate sacred trees as living elements of their collective memory and local history.     

南北朝至隋唐时期佛教寺院经楼、钟楼布局变化初探

在佛教寺院中的经楼与钟楼是早期佛寺的重要布局要素之一.但是,由于中国早期佛教考古发掘资料的缺乏,我们尚不知道其具体布局情况如何.因此,该文基于南北朝至隋唐时期的有关佛教文献记载,以及敦煌莫高窟佛寺壁画和韩日早期佛寺遗址资料,南北朝至隋唐时期佛寺中的经楼与钟楼布局变化进行整理分析,得到如下结论：由南北朝至隋唐时期,在佛寺布局中的经楼与钟楼,由佛殿后边至佛殿前边、由中心院落以外至中心院落以内迁移,但其左右位置却无定制.     

里坊制解体与北宋东京城市防御体系探析

作为城市防御和管理而形成的里坊制度,其解体是一个综合因素作用的过程,以往的研究偏重于商品经济的影响。从北宋东京城市防御体系的角度出发,主要探讨战争、城市管理、城市治安等军事因素与里坊制解体的关系,指出厢坊制管理模式的出现是里坊制解体的首要标志。     

晋北民居的生态节能理念初探

从晋北民居的地域性、建筑材料使用、节能保温措施、采光通风等几个方面介绍了山西晋北民居中的建筑节能理念,从而为地区特色的可持续发展的建筑提供新的建筑节能思想。     

Assessment of the MODIS LAI product for Australian ecosystems

The leaf area index (LAI) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is important for monitoring and modelling global change and terrestrial dynamics at many scales. The algorithm relies on spectral reflectances and a six biome land cover classification. Evaluation of the specific behaviour and performance of the product for regions of the globe such as Australia are needed to assist with product refinement and validation. We made an assessment of Collection 4 of the MODIS LAI product using four approaches: (a) assessment against a continental scale Structural Classification of Australian Vegetation (SCAV); (b) assessment against a continental scale land use classification (LUC); (c) assessment against historical field-based measurement of LAI collected prior to the Terra Mission; and (d) direct comparison of MODIS LAI with coincident field measurements of LAI, mostly from hemispherical photography. The MODIS LAI product produced a wide variety of geographically and structurally specific temporal response profiles between different classes and even for sub-groups within classes of the SCAV. Historical and concurrent field measurements indicated that MODIS LAI was giving reasonable estimates for LAI for most cover types and land use types, but that major overestimation of LAI occurs in some eastern Australian open forests and woodlands. The six biome structural land cover classification showed some significant deviations in class allocation compared to the SCAV particularly where grasslands are allocated to shrubland, savanna woodlands are allocated to shrubland, savanna and broadleaf forest, and open forests are allocated to savanna and broadleaf forest. The land cover and LAI products could benefit from some additional examination of Australian data addressing the structural representation of Eucalypt canopies in the “space of canopy realisation” for savanna and broadleaf forest classes.