碳气凝胶/四氧化三钴复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用电化学沉积法,以碳气凝胶(CA)为基底沉积氢氧化钴(Co(OH)2),并热处理制备碳气凝胶/四氧化三钴(CA/Co3O4)复合电极材料。采用XRD,SEM对样品的结构和微观形貌进行表征。采用循环伏安,恒电流充放电测试,交流阻抗测试对样品的电化学性能进行了表征和测试。研究结果表明,采用电化学沉积法制备的CA/Co3O4复合电极材料,在电流密度0.5和5 A/g时,其质量比容量分别为1 020和646 F/g。可见Co3O4的复合,能够很大程度的提升电化学性能。     

Effect of Co-Ni ratio on the activity and stability of Co-Ni bimetallic aerogel catalyst for methane Oxy-CO2 reforming

Co-Ni bimetallic aerogel catalysts with various Co/Ni ratios were synthesized by the sol-gel method followed by the supercritical drying process. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, H₂-TPR, HRTEM, BET, TG and FESEM. It showed that the Co/Ni ratio influenced the micro-structure of the Co-Ni bimetallic aerogel catalysts. The formation of homogeneous metal alloy on the bimetallic catalysts was observed after the reduction. In addition, catalysts with higher Co/Ni ratios showed smaller active metal particle sizes. The activities of the aerogel catalysts in terms of CH₄ conversion were found to be in the order of 5Co5Ni ≈ 3Co7Ni > 7Co3Ni > 10Ni >> 10Co. 5Co5Ni exhibited the highest CH₄ conversion in methane Oxy-CO₂ reforming, which is 16% and 55% greater than those of 10Ni and 10Co, respectively. The difference between the catalytic performances could mainly be attributed to the combined effect of the kinetics, the geometric and the SMSI effects.     

Solar photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) using TiO2/SiO2 aerogel composite photocatalysts

Silica aerogels and TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts were synthesized by sol–gel technique at ambient pressure using orthosilioate and tetra-n-butyl titanate as precursors, respectively. The prepared composite photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET surface area, FT-IR and UV–vis absorption spectra. The results showed that the TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts possess high surface area. The addition of silica aerogels inhibited the grain growth and phase transformation of anatase to rutile during calcination. The TiO₂/silica aerogel composite sample calcined at 500 °C with an optimal silica aerogel content of 7 wt.% afforded the highest photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) was investigated by using this novel TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. The effects of irradiation time, pH, catalyst concentration, temperature and initial DNBP concentration were examined as operational parameters. The optimal operational parameters were found as follows: pH as solution pH 4.82, 8 g L⁻¹ catalyst concentration, 20 °C, and 240 min irradiation time. The kinetics of DNBP degradation by TiO₂/silica aerogel composite fit well a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was also tested. This study showed the feasible and potential use of TiO₂/silica aerogel composite photocatalysts in degradation of toxic organic contaminants.     

注浆成型-常温常压干燥制备隔热块体材料

以二氧化硅气凝胶为基体,二氧化钛为红外遮光剂,E玻纤为骨架制备出有一定压缩强度的隔热块体材料;分别测样品的压缩强度R、热导率λ和常温(25℃)体积电阻率ρ.结果表明:pH=8～9时,含水料浆的分散情况较好;经过730℃处理0.5h的样品,与美国材料与试验协会的标准ASTM C533-85比较,R值0.41MPa符合,密...     

NiZnCu Ferrite Thick Film with Nano Scale Crystallites Formed by the Aerosol Deposition Method

This paper describes the magnetic properties of NiZnCu ferrite film deposited at room temperature by an aerosol deposition method (ADM). The thickness of the film was 6 μm and the deposition rate was estimated as 2 μm/min. The microstructure of as-deposited at room temperature films consists of randomly oriented nanocrystallites with a size of 20 nm. As-deposited and annealed films exhibited the following magnetic properties: intensity of magnetization M _s= 0.147 T (117 emu/cm³), coercivity H _c= 40.58 kA/m (510 Oe); and M _s= 0.3 T (250 emu/cm³), H _c= 14.95 kA/m (188 Oe), respectively.     

Al/PI/SiO2多层隔热膜制备与性能研究

系统研究了Al/PI/SiO2有机硅涂料多层隔热结构（MLI）组成的隔热系统。分别研究了铝膜、作为支撑物的耐热聚酰亚胺塑料和低热导填充物三种材料，采用金属铝膜可以有效的阻挡高温红外热辐射，而气凝胶和有机硅树脂复合的隔热涂料是热导率很低的材料，对接触热传导具有很大的热阻。这种多层结构是一种性能优异的高温隔热体。最后用热模拟试验测试了这种膜系的隔热性能。     

大孔高比表面积催化剂及其载体的制备方法─超临界流体干燥法

介绍了利用超临界流体干燥法制备高比表面积的大孔一元氧化物，如ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＺｒＯ２、ＴｉＯ２和ＭｇＯ等，还可制得均匀的二元、三元及多元氧化物。该法是制备大孔高比表面催化剂及催化剂载体的有效方法。     

用碳气凝胶作电极材料制作双电层电容器

双电层电容器具有极大的电容量和优良的充放电性能，这种新型储能器件有着广泛的应用前景。用微结构可控的纳米多孔导电材料碳气胶作为电极制作的双电层电容器的比电容达２５Ｆ／ｇ，其内阻在１Ω以下，漏电流小于１ｍＡ。     

纯生物质纤维素气凝胶的制备及其阻燃性能

为有效推进纺织领域资源循环利用、增强绿色低碳循环发展,以废棉纱为原料制备再生纤维素气凝胶,并在水相环境驱动下,将浸提自废弃农林作物的生物质茶多酚沉积于该气凝胶表面,开发纯生物质节能保温用阻燃纤维素气凝胶(BTCA),并分别采用极限氧指数仪、热重分析、热重红外联用仪、拉曼光谱等分析了BTCA的热稳定性、热分解气固相产物及...     

Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of azo-dye Orange II onto highly porous titania aerogel

We report herein a kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of azo-dye Orange II from aqueous solutions onto titania aerogels. Aerogels structure was confirmed by FTIR and N₂ adsorption revealed their specific surface area (500 m²/g), pore volume (2.86 cm³/g) and pore size (mean 13.9 nm). Adsorption tests were conducted in batch reactors under various conditions where the effect of pH, temperature, contact time, dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were studied. Experiments performed at pH 2 show the optimal adsorption due to the best surface charge interactions. The temperature shows a weak influence with a decrease in the adsorption uptake as the temperature increases. Adsorption kinetics is shown to be very fast and follows a pseudo second-order indicating the coexistence of chemisorption and physisorption with the intra-particle diffusion being the rate controlling step. The experimental data fit perfectly with Sips isotherms and reveal the ability of titania aerogel to adsorb 420 mg of Orange II per gram of adsorbent at the optimal conditions. The thermodynamic study reveals the activation energy (42.1 kJ mol⁻¹) and the changes in Gibbs free energy (1.2 kJ mol⁻¹), enthalpy (−16.4 kJ mol⁻¹), and entropy (−58 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). The entire regeneration of the titania aerogel adsorption sites at pH 11 and 30 °C shows a total recovery of the dye and the efficient reusability and the economic interest of these adsorbing materials for environmental purposes.