爆发点测试仪排风装置设计

在爆发点测试实验中,伍德合金加热、炸药爆炸后会产生有毒、有害气体,如果不及时将这些气体排出实验室,将会对实验人员的身体健康产生危害。这就需要在爆发点测试仪上设计排风装置。设计的排风装置由排风罩、通风管道和轴流风机组成,并由排风罩计算出的排风量和通风管道计算出的风压选出风机型号。     

一种新型甲醛处理装置及处理效果研究

针对目前室内装修甲醛严重超标,严重危害人体健康的现状,设计了一个可以在线检测甲醛浓度并采用光触媒技术进行处理的系统装置,并进行了探索性试验.结果表明,在一定的时间和浓度范围内,光照强度越强、甲醛初始浓度越低、光触媒用量越多,甲醛的去除率越高.在实际应用中,考虑时间和成本的因素,可以选择光照强度31 W,甲醛的初始浓度1.6 ppm,光触媒的用量为2.5％,此时甲醛的去除率较高.     

Reflections on the history of indoor air science,focusing on the last 50 years

The scientific articles and Indoor Air conference publications of the indoor air sciences (IAS) during the last 50 years are summarized. In total 7524 presentations, from 79 countries, have been made at Indoor Air conferences held between 1978 (49 presentations) and 2014 (1049 presentations). In the Web of Science, 26 992 articles on indoor air research (with the word “indoor” as a search term) have been found (as of 1 Jan 2016) of which 70% were published during the last 10 years. The modern scientific history started in the 1970s with a question: “did indoor air pose a threat to health as did outdoor air?” Soon it was recognized that indoor air is more important, from a health point of view, than outdoor air. Topics of concern were first radon, environmental tobacco smoke, and lung cancer, followed by volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and sick building syndrome, house dust‐mites, asthma and allergies, Legionnaires disease, and other airborne infections. Later emerged dampness/mold‐associated allergies and today's concern with “modern exposures‐modern diseases.” Ventilation, thermal comfort, indoor air chemistry, semi‐volatile organic compounds, building simulation by computational fluid dynamics, and fine particulate matter are common topics today. From their beginning in Denmark and Sweden, then in the USA, the indoor air sciences now show increasing activity in East and Southeast Asia.     

Multi‐criteria algorithm‐based methodology used to select suitable domes for compressed air energy storage

Storing energy allows both the efficiency and availability of renewable energy to be increased, thus dissociating actual from expected generation and from consumption demands. Compressed air energy storage (hereinafter ‘CAES’) enables the efficient and cost‐effective storage of large amounts of energy, achieving a capacity of over 100 MWh. There are several geological structures that can be used as CAES, among which the use and construction of salt domes are particularly noteworthy. However, there is a high exploration risk associated with subsurface exploration. To this end, it is advisable to establish a detailed schedule to select and characterize structures, with the purpose of minimizing the aforementioned risk. Multi‐criteria algorithms can be used to establish a hierarchy of the alternatives and to identify the structures with the greatest potential with an objective approach. The analytic hierarchy process method is used in this paper as the selection algorithm, which is based on identifying and assessing criteria and weighting each criterion. In accordance with the analytic hierarchy process method, the goal was divided into a series of different level criteria, defining a breakdown structure of the problem to select salt domes. This paper defines a structure hierarchization method that allows the objective establishment of the areas with the highest potential for CAES, considering both technical and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, a supporting decision‐making method may be established to reduce the exploration risk associated with underground structures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of pretreatment on surface topographical features of vegetables during drying

It is well recognized that many adverse changes occur to a food product during drying. Various pretreatment methods have thus been introduced to maintain the quality of the product. Among the various qualities, or properties, of a food product surface characteristics are one of the most important as these affect directly the consumer acceptance of the product. In terms of food safety surface characteristics may also be related to the attachment and hence thermal resistance of pathogenic microorganisms on the product surface. In this study attempt was made to investigate changes of the surface topographical features of vegetables as affected by pretreatment (blanching in hot water or soaking in 0.5-1.5% v/v acetic acid solution) and hot air drying (60 °C); cabbage and spring onion were selected as model vegetables to represent different natural topographical features of vegetables. An image analysis technique was used to monitor the changes of vegetable surfaces after pretreatment and during drying. The surface characteristic changes of vegetables were described quantitatively in terms of the relative roughness factor (R). It was observed that the surface characteristic changes, as affected by both pretreatment and drying processes, could be well monitored by the evolution of the R value.     

可用于高效过滤器检漏的PAO计数扫描法

结合洁净厂房设计和高效空气过滤器的相关规范,介绍了PAO计数扫描检漏方法。     

Research on heat dissipation performance and flow characteristics of air‐cooled battery pack

With the depletion of fossil fuels and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the research and development speed of electric vehicles has been accelerating, and the thermal management of battery pack has become increasingly important. This paper selects the electric vehicle battery pack with natural air cooling as the study subject, conducts simulation analysis of the heat dissipation performance of battery packs with and without vents. Then this paper researches on the influence of internal flow field and external flow field. Field synergy principle is used to analyze the effect of velocity field and temperature field amplitude. The results show the following: it is found that the maximum temperature rise and the internal maximum temperature difference of the battery pack with vents are reduced by about 23.1% and 19.9%, raising speed value can improve the heat dissipation performance, and raising temperature value can decrease the heat dissipation performance. Reasonable design of the vents can make the inner and outer flow field work synergistically to achieve the best cooling effect. Then the reference basis for the air cooling heat dissipation performance analysis of electric vehicle, battery pack structure arrangement, and air‐inlet and air‐outlet pattern choosing are offered.     

When green marketing meets reality: selected facts about sustainable house building

Since 2012, Life Cycle Engineering Experts (LCEE) have carried out a series of comprehensive studies into the sustainability of market‐relevant (also potentially) construction methods in German housing ([1] to [4]). The methodical basis was a systematic application of the sustainability assessment approach of the Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) applied to representative model buildings from the detached house and apartment building sectors (see Figs. 1 and 2). The key findings have been compressed into themed fact sheets intended to ensure appropriate knowledge and information transfer to various recipients. As a contribution to less marketing and more reality, the following paper outlines the lessons learnt from selected example fact sheets concerning sustainable housing.     

Estimating the germicidal effect of upper-room UVGI system on exhaled air of patients based on ventilation efficiency

Upper room (UR)-ultraviolet germicidal (UVGI) systems, one of several disinfection applications of UV, target airborne infectious diseases in rooms of buildings such as healthcare facilities. Previous studies have introduced many experiments showing the germicidal effect of UR-UVGI systems. In this study, a novel numerical method of estimating the germicidal effect of UR-UVGI systems for air exhaled by ward patients was introduced. The method adopts and modifies the concept of ventilation efficiency because the germicidal effect depends upon how the air containing airborne infectious particles flows and stays within UV-radiated area. A case study based on a four-patient ward showed that UV doses were correlated with the age of the air exhaled by a source patient, as expected. Moreover, the UV doses were considerably affected by the position of the UR-UVGI system. Inactivation rates of the influenza virus estimated using the UV doses, were in the range of 48–74%, and those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 68–90% in the breathing area of a neighboring patient. The results indicate not directly the decreased concentration of airborne infectious particles, but the possibility of inactivation caused by the UR-UVGI system, which is useful for system optimization.     

Indoor inhalation intake fractions of fine particulate matter: review of influencing factors

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is a major contributor to the global human disease burden. The indoor environment is of particular importance when considering the health effects associated with PM_2.5 exposures because people spend the majority of their time indoors and PM_2.5 exposures per unit mass emitted indoors are two to three orders of magnitude larger than exposures to outdoor emissions. Variability in indoor PM_2.5 intake fraction (iF_in,total), which is defined as the integrated cumulative intake of PM_2.5 per unit of emission, is driven by a combination of building‐specific, human‐specific, and pollutant‐specific factors. Due to a limited availability of data characterizing these factors, however, indoor emissions and intake of PM_2.5 are not commonly considered when evaluating the environmental performance of product life cycles. With the aim of addressing this barrier, a literature review was conducted and data characterizing factors influencing iF_in,total were compiled. In addition to providing data for the calculation of iF_in,total in various indoor environments and for a range of geographic regions, this paper discusses remaining limitations to the incorporation of PM_2.5‐derived health impacts into life cycle assessments and makes recommendations regarding future research.