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Frédéric Soisson 《Journal of Nuclear Materials》2006,349(3):235-250
Kinetics of radiation induced segregation and precipitation in binary alloys are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are based on a simple atomic model of diffusion under electron irradiation, which takes into account the creation of point defects, the recombination of close vacancy-interstitial pairs and the point defect annihilation at sinks. They can reproduce the coupling between point defect fluxes towards sinks and atomic fluxes, which controls the segregation tendency. In pure metals and ideal solid solutions, the Monte Carlo results are found to be in very good agreement with classical models based on rate equations. In alloys with an unmixing tendency, we show how the interaction between the point defect distribution, the solute segregation and the precipitation driving force can generate complex microstructural evolutions, which depend on the very details of atomic-scale diffusion properties. 相似文献
54.
The effect of coherency loss on the development of precipitate size distribution under cascade-producing irradiation is considered. The nucleation of coherent precipitates, their growth followed by coherency loss and cascade-induced dissolution of large incoherent precipitates can occur simultaneously resulting in formation of a quasi-stationary size distribution of semicoherent precipitates. To describe this process we consider co-evolution of a mixed population of coherent, semicoherent and incoherent precipitates. Mathematically, the problem is formulated as a set of discrete rate equations of nucleation kinetics (the Master equation approach) which is also used for later stages of evolution. To solve the corresponding large set of equations (typically, more than 105 equations) an efficient numerical method is developed. The simulation results obtained for material parameters and irradiation conditions typical for nuclear reactors show that the coherency loss affects considerably evolution of the precipitate population. Under certain irradiation conditions, both in solution-annealed alloys and in aged ones, the mean precipitate size and the number density during prolonged irradiation tend to steady state values, whereas the size distribution function of large precipitates narrows. The width of the quasi-stationary size distribution is controlled by cascade parameters. It was found that the asymptotic quasi-stationary state of the precipitate population may depend on initial state of the alloy. 相似文献
55.
通过对Cholesky分解法求解线性方程组的分析,建立Cholesky分解法三角化对称正定阵的图模型,并基于该模型及Mesh结构P/G网络的自身特点,提出一个P/G网快速分析算法.实验证明,该算法能大大降低Mesh结构P/G网络的分析运算时间和内存占用. 相似文献
56.
传统的协作存在固有的缺陷。系统可靠性和扩展性差,不能充分利用客户端资源。P2P系统不但架构灵活,有高可扩展性,而且能充分利用计算和网络资源。分析了协作系统采用P2P架构所具有的优点,并提出一个基于微软P2PSDK的协作系统设计与实现方案。 相似文献
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Synthesis of oleyl oleate as a jojoba oil analog 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
N. Sánchez M. Martinez J. Aracil A. Corma 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(11):1150-1153
Synthesis of a wax ester analog of jojoba oil was accomplished from oleic acid and oleyl alcohol with a zeolite as catalyst.
A full 23 factorial design at two levels has been used in the synthesis. The variables selected were temperature, reduced pressure
and initial catalyst concentration. The most important variable within the range studied was temperature. Reduced pressure
had a negative influence, and initial catalyst concentration showed a positive influence on the process. A response equation
has been determined for the yield of ester. The properties of the synthesized product are similar to those of natural jojoba
oil. 相似文献
59.
This paper discusses the results of a study of actinide surrogates in a nuclear borosilicate glass to understand the effect of processing conditions (temperature and oxidizing versus reducing conditions) on the solubility limits of these elements. The incorporation of cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, and neodymium oxide in this borosilicate glass was investigated. Cerium is a possible surrogate for tetravalent and trivalent actinides, hafnium for tetravalent actinides, and neodymium for trivalent actinides. The material homogeneity was studied by optical, scanning electron microscopy. Cerium LIII XANES spectroscopy showed that the Ce3+/Cetotal ratio increased from about 0.5 to 0.9 as the processing temperature increased from 1100 to 1400 °C. Cerium LIII XANES spectroscopy also confirmed that the increased Ce solubility in glasses melted under reducing conditions was due to complete reduction of all the cerium in the glass. The most significant results pointed out in the current study are that the solubility limits of the actinide surrogates increases with the processing temperature and that Ce3+ is shown to be more soluble than Ce4+ in this borosilicate glass. 相似文献
60.