大型塑料中空容器生产技术及市场应用

通过"IKV"螺杆挤出机、双层储料式成型机头、伺服电机泵等技术在企业的应用,生产效率提高,产品质量稳定,是大型塑料中空行业节能生产技术的发展趋势。     

Near‐threshold behaviour of shear‐mode fatigue cracks in metallic materials

This review paper presents a brief state‐of‐the art of the research on long fatigue shear‐mode cracks and describes some recent results on effective crack growth thresholds and mode I branching conditions achieved by the authors for ARMCO iron, titanium with two different microstructures, nickel and stainless steel. A special technique for preparation of fatigue precracks enabled us to substantially suppress the crack closure (friction) effects at the beginning of the experiment, and the measured threshold values could be considered to be very close to the effective ones. In all investigated materials, the effective thresholds under the remote mode II loading were found to be about 1.7 times lower than those under the remote mode III loading. Effective thresholds under mode II loading of investigated materials were found to follow a simple formula assembled by the shear modulus G, the magnitude of Burgers vector b and a goniometrical function n_α of the mean deflection angle that depends on the number of available crystallographic slip systems. These quantities determine the intrinsic material resistance to mode II crack propagation at the threshold. A simple criterion for mode I branching in terms of effective threshold values well reflects a transition from the shear‐mode to the opening‐mode controlled crack propagation at the threshold. The associated transition deflection angle of 40° is a material independent constant.     

陶瓷材料维氏压痕形貌仿真与实验分析

基于有限元数值分析模型对陶瓷材料维氏压入过程中产生的压痕形貌进行仿真.以Si3N4和ZrO2两种典型陶瓷材料为例,对其有限元仿真压痕与实验测量压痕的对角线半长和维氏硬度进行对比,结果表明,Si3N4和ZrO2的有限元仿真压痕与实验测量压痕对角线半长分别相差0.39％和-0.53％,维氏硬度分别相差-2.7％和4.2％.随着压头与材料间的摩擦因数由0变化至0.5,有限元仿真压痕与实验测量压痕的对角线半长分别相差0.28％和0.27％,维氏硬度分别相差0.14％和0.21％.此外,应用本方法对其他几种典型陶瓷材料(A12O3,ZTA,SiC,Silica)维氏压入有限元仿真计算值与实验真实测量值进行了对比,其压痕对角线半长分别相差1.14％,-0.57％,-0.89％,0.41％,维氏硬度分别相差-2.24％,1.12％,1.85％,-0.86％.据此可知,陶瓷材料维氏压痕形貌可由有限元数值仿真方法获得,从而解决了陶瓷材料维氏硬度测试过程中因压痕不够清晰导致的测量数据不准问题,为下一步探索基于仪器化压入响应识别陶瓷材料维氏硬度以及其他各力学性能参数提供技术基础.     

航空矢量发动机试车台推力校准技术综述

简述了航空矢量发动机试车台推力校准的必要性,介绍了现有涡扇发动机轴向试车台推力测量系统的校准方法,结合矢量推力试车台的结构特点,对矢量推力试车台校准现状、校准步骤进行了分析说明,给出了矢量推力试车台现场校准程序,最后对航空矢量发动机试车台推力校准技术研究进行了展望。     

Empirical model for plasticity‐induced crack closure based on Kmax and ΔK

The mean stress has a significant effect on crack propagation life and must be included in prediction models. However, there is no consensus in the fatigue community regarding the dominant mechanism explaining the mean stress effect. The concept of crack closure has been widely used and several empirical models can be found in literature. The stress ratio, R, is usually the main parameter of these models, but present numerical results showed a significant influence of K_max. A new empirical model is therefore proposed here, dependent on K_max and ΔK, with four empirical constants. The model also includes the effect of material's yield stress, and two additional parameters were defined to account for stress state and crack closure parameter. A comparison was made with Kujawski's and Glinka's parameters, for a wide range of loading conditions. ΔK_eff lies between Kujawski's and Glinka's parameters, and some agreement is evident, although the concepts are quite different. The crack opening model was applied to literature results and was able to collapse da/dN–ΔK curves for different stress ratios to a single master curve.     

Fatigue assessment of high‐frequency mechanical impact (HFMI)‐treated welded joints subjected to high mean stresses and spectrum loading

The fatigue strength of welded joints can be improved with various post‐weld treatment methods. High‐frequency mechanical impact treatment is a residual stress modification technique that creates compressive residual stresses at the weld toe. However, these beneficial residual stresses may relax under certain loading conditions. In this paper, previously published fatigue data for butt and fillet welded joints subjected to high stress ratios and variable amplitude cyclic stresses were evaluated in relation to the current International Institute of Welding (IIW) recommendations on fatigue strength improvement and a proposed IIW design guideline for high‐frequency mechanical impact‐treated welded joints. The evaluation showed that the current IIW recommendations resulted in both non‐conservative and overly conservative fatigue strength estimations depending on the applied stress level, whereas the proposed fatigue assessment guideline fitted the current data well.     

Weight functions and stress intensity factors for pin‐loaded single‐edge notch bend specimen

A recently developed pin‐loaded single‐edge notch bend specimen provides an alternative to the single‐edge notch tension specimen commonly used for small‐crack growth testing. In this paper, weight functions for pin‐loaded single‐edge notch bend specimen are derived by using two methods, the classical analytical weight function method and the newly developed numerical weight function complex variable Taylor series expansion method. Excellent agreement between the two methods is achieved. Based on these weight functions, accurate stress intensity factors for two load cases, that is, pin‐loading and Dugdale loading, which is required for plasticity‐induced crack‐closure analysis based on the strip‐yield model, are determined.     

基于PLC的铜线装载系统液压设计

针对现有铜线装载工序的复杂性缺陷,设计了一种基于PLC的铜线装载液压系统。根据用途分析了铜线装载的动作循环及工作原理,设计了铜线装载液压系统及PLC控制电路。该装载液压系统结构简单,运行平稳,精度满足工作要求,其液压系统和PLC控制系统简单可靠。     

车辆货物配装过程建模与优化决策

以家电企业配送为例研究车辆和多品种货物的配装问题。以配送中心车辆运力最大化为目标,研究如何对货物进行装车调配、优化处理来提高车辆的装载效率,以降低配送运输成本。对车辆类型、体积、载重额、客户优先级以及按区域配送线路等约束条件和目标函数进行系统分析,建立车辆货物配装数学模型。运用物流仿真软件建立货物配装的动态仿真模型,用遗传算法对配装过程进行优化,得出装载货物顺序编号的决策方案。仿真统计结果分析表明该仿真模型可以使顾客需求货物满足车辆容重约束并按优先级依次装车时的价值最大,车辆的载重量和有效容积利用率达到90%以上,降低了配送成本。