硬线盘条拉拔断裂原因分析

通过夹杂物评级和显微组织观察，分析了65、70、77B、80硬线盘条拉拔过程中断裂的厦因。实验结果表明：马氏体的出现及基体为索氏体、屈氏体和少量的贝氏体的混合组织是断裂的主要原因；基体组织为混合组织和马氏体的出现是由于存在碳、锰、铬元素的偏析、轧件出精轧机组进水冷和斯太尔摩控制冷却线时冷却速度过快、温度过低等因素造成的。通过调整轧制和连铸工艺，断裂问题基本解决。     

A Review on the Fundamentals of Palm Oil Fractionation: Processing Conditions and Seeding Agents

Fractionation is a well-established process adopted in the fats and oils industries. It involves the separation of low and high melting triacylglycerol under controlled cooling conditions into olein and stearin fractions with distinct chemical and physical properties. Amongst the other vegetable oils, palm oil is one of the most fractionated oils in the past few decades mainly attributed to its semisolid properties. The various fraction of palm oil allows it to be used in different types of food products such as margarine, frying oil, and cocoa butter substitute. In fractionation, proper control of the fractionation conditions is important to produce the fractions with desirable stearin and olein quality. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the fractionation conditions (crystallization temperature, agitation, cooling rate and crystallization time) that affect the yield and quality of the oil produced. Additionally, it also provides the latest updates on the influence of seeding agents (diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, hard fat, phytosterol, phospholipid, lecithin, essential oil, sugar, polyglycerol ester, and talc) used in fractionation. This article is useful to provide a fundamental understanding of fractionation to scientists from the industries or academia working in the fats and oils industries. Practical Applications: This paper provides an in-depth understanding of fractionation particularly on the parameters of fractionation in influencing the quality and yield of the stearin and olein produced. It also for the first time presents the effect of addition of various seeding agents on palm oil fractionation which can help the industry to select the appropriate seeding agents to improve the currently employed fractionation process. Thus, it can act as a guideline for the industry to understand and select the appropriate fractionation conditions when developing a new product using this approach. The fractionation conditions discussed here can also be used as a reference when fractionating other types of fats and oils as most of them share a common background.     

20CrMnTi连铸瞬态与平均冷速条件下凝固原位观察

 宽淬透性带和大尺寸TiN析出物严重危害20CrMnTi齿轮钢的产品质量,其控制的关键基础是掌握连铸过程中凝固组织演变行为机理。传统高温激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(HT-CSLM)原位观察研究通常将糊状区冷却速率设定为固定值,这不能有效反映连铸凝固过程中冷却速率的变化。为此,以国内某钢厂20CrMnTi 160 mm×160 mm小方坯为研究对象,首先通过二维切片凝固传热计算,确定内弧表面下方20、40、60 mm位置处糊状区的热历程、瞬态与平均冷却速率,进而设计HT-CSLM试验升温与降温方案。然后,开展这些位置处糊状区瞬态与平均冷却速率条件下HT-CSLM试验,研究揭示不同冷却条件下20CrMnTi的凝固过程、δ晶粒生长动力学和包晶相变机制。最后,通过电子探针分析(EPMA),考察冷却条件对凝固组织尺寸的影响规律。结果表明,由于凝固潜热的补偿,内弧皮下20、40、60 mm位置处初始凝固阶段冷却速率较小,凝固中后期逐渐增大,且越深入方坯内部越显著。这些位置处的平均冷却速率分别为102.81、44.63和34.93 ℃/min。δ晶粒率先从钢液中析出,其平均生长速率随着冷却速率的提升而增大。在瞬态冷却速率条件下,随着凝固的进行,瞬时生长速率呈增大的趋势,但是在平均冷却速率条件下瞬时生长速率则略微降低。这是因为在瞬态冷却速率条件下,糊状区冷却速率由慢至快,不断补偿了凝固潜热,同时初始形核数量少,生长空间大,溶质过冷度的影响相对较弱。当熔体温度降低至包晶相变临界温度时,δ晶粒快速转变为γ晶粒,即发生块状转变,导致固相率迅速增加,且伴随有部分γ晶粒快速聚合。整体上讲,包晶相变临界温度随着冷却速率的增大而降低,但是也受溶质初始含量的影响。此后,剩余液相向γ相转变,直至完全凝固。晶粒半径随着冷却速率的提升而减小,且在平均冷却速率条件下比瞬态冷却速率条件更小,这取决于初始凝固阶段的形核数量。     

控轧控冷工艺对高强度锚杆钢组织和性能的影响

随着矿井深度的增加,对锚杆支护强韧性的要求越来越高,为了应对这一情况,需要研发出更高强度的锚杆钢。利用锚杆钢研究了轧制工艺、冷却工艺与珠光体、铁素体相比例,析出相析出行为及力学性能的关系。研究结果表明,在中轧后、精轧前采用适当水冷+回复段处理的复合工艺可使晶粒更细小、组织更均匀。对超高强度锚杆钢进行热压缩变形试验,由热模拟试验结果确定相转变温度为A_c1=737 ℃、A_c3=886 ℃。最终筛选出入精轧温度为810 ℃、回复段温度为800 ℃时,可获得的晶粒尺寸达4 μm,珠光体体积分数为66.8%,铁素体体积分数为33.2%,珠光体片层间距达200 nm;另外调整V、Cr、N等析出以提高锚杆钢的强韧性,较低的回复温度有利于细小、弥散、V(C/N)析出相的析出,V(C/N)的析出可进一步改善锚杆钢的力学性能。由该控轧控冷工艺轧制的锚杆钢屈服强度为780 MPa、抗拉强度为930 MPa、硬度为291HV、伸长率为20%。     

冷却速率对N06625合金凝固过程微观偏析的影响

高温合金铸锭在凝固过程中各部分冷却条件不同,中心部分冷却速率缓慢。为了模拟铸锭内部的缓慢冷却速率,通过超高温激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(HT-CLSM)、钨灯丝扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)并结合相关计算,研究了N06625合金在不同冷却速率(10、20、30 ℃/min)下的凝固偏析和微观组织演变状况。结果表明,随着冷却速率升高,析出相的数量、尺寸和面积分数降低,且聚集程度降低,形状由大尺寸长条状和大块状转变为小条状和小块状;Laves相呈块状和条状在枝晶间析出,随着冷却速率降低,Laves相的尺寸和数量增大,聚集程度增加。枝晶干芯部Nb和Mo元素的质量分数以及Nb的有效分配系数(k_e[Nb])和Mo的有效分配系数(k_e[Mo])随冷却速率增大而增大,在所研究冷速范围内都表现出很强烈的偏析倾向,k_e[Nb]分别为0.46、0.55和0.62,k_e[Mo]分别为0.73、0.77和0.80,且k_e[Nb]的变化趋势更加明显。采用Clyne-Kurz偏析模型并结合试验中的数据,对Nb和Mo元素偏析程度的具体变化趋势进行定量表征,结果表明在N06625合金凝固过程中,冷却速率越低或固相分数越大,残余液相中Nb和Mo元素的质量分数上升速率越快。     

全层状TiAl合金层片生长及其影响因素

利用光学显微镜(OM)和TEM，研究了全层状TiAl合金的层片间距的影响因素及与各因素的关系。实验结果表明，全层状TiAl合金的层片间距与冷却速度和合金中铝含量有关，层片间距与冷却速度呈反比关系，并随着合金中铝含量的增加而增加。同时，以层片生长的台阶机制为基础，推导出了全层状TiAl合金在连续冷却过程中层片间距的数学表达式，推导结果与实验结果相符。     

马钢直弧型板坯连铸机的设计

介绍了马钢 2 5 0 mm× 1 40 0 mm直弧型坯连铸机设计指导思想、连铸机主要技术性能指标、工艺流程、设备组成及采取的技术措施 :无氧化浇注 ,连续弯曲矫直 ,二冷区气雾冷却及自动控制 ,在线短定尺二次切割 ,对称式双向出坯 ,防止测量基准移位和台阶式对弧样板等。     

基于相变产物构建DP1180相变动力学方程研究

摘要：DP1180钢相变动力学方程的构建,有利于其力学性能的精准调控。利用Gleeble 3500对DP1180钢进行相变点测定,结合切线法、金相 硬度法研究了DP1180钢在冷却过程中的显微组织演变规律,绘制连续冷却转变曲线(CCT),并基于相变产物对相变动力学方程（JMAK方程）进行了修正。结果表明：冷速为0.5~1℃/s时,组织为铁素体(F)和贝氏体(B);冷速为2℃/s时,有马氏体(M)出现;冷速为10℃/s时,组织为贝氏体(B)和马氏体(M);冷速大于20℃/s时,组织以马氏体(M)为主;显微硬度随冷速的增加而升高;基于不同相变产物对n值的影响规律,对传统JMAK方程进行修正,构建了基于相变产物的相变动力学方程,预测精度得到提升。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength as—cast Ti—15—3 alloy

The effects of heat treatment and solidification cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-15-3 alloy prepared by induction skull melting method were investigated.Results show that the microstructure of as-cast Ti-15-3 alloy changes from the features of simplified and larger size of beta grains to finer grain size with increasing solidification cooling rate.After solution treatment and different ageing treatment,alpha phase precipitates in grains interior as well as in grain boundaries.Due to the modification of the precipitate phase,the tensile stength and elongation of the alloy are improved simultaneously.A good combination of the values of 1.406GPa of σb and 4.5% of δ was obtained,which will be satisfied the use of this kind of alloy in critical areas.     

冷却强度及变形程度对挤压AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

选择AZ31镁合金为原材料,在400℃下挤压散热片型材,就冷却强度及变形程度对制品的性能(抗拉强度和导电率)及组织结构的影响进行研究。结果显示:挤压温度为400℃,制品经水冷却,变形程度大的型材具有更高的抗拉强度和导电率。