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基于江西省萍乡市五丰河流域2016—2018年实测场次洪水数据和直线斜割法所得基流流量,对比分析累积距平法、Pettitt法、滑动T检验法和Mann-Kendall检验法应用于基流分割的适用性和准确性,选择集对分析法为优选非参数检验方法。结果表明:海绵城市建设后(2018年)相对建设前(2016年)标准退水曲线基流流量增加65.2%,地下径流量增加47.3%,地下径流量占径流总量比例增加53%。Pettitt法与直线斜割法所得基流流量相对误差最小,年均相对误差为1.7%;变差系数年均相对误差最小,为5%;集对分析联系度最大,为0.81。Pettitt方法是检验海绵城市直接地表和地下二元径流成分转化的最适非参数检验法。 相似文献
84.
针对现有掘进机多采用单一的横轴式或者纵轴式整机,对不同岩层掘进工作的适应能力差等问题,提出一种面向不同岩层的掘进机截割臂互换性设计方案。对纵、横轴式2种掘进机的结构特点与性能进行了对比分析;针对2种截割臂工作模式的特点,分别设计了相应的截割减速器。Solidworks仿真结果表明,与单一横轴式或者纵轴式掘进机相比,采用互换式截割臂结构可有效提高掘进机对不同岩层截割工作的适应能力,提高掘进效率,节省设备运输及使用成本。 相似文献
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针对传统森林火灾监控方式存在的受地形限制,导致火灾发现不及时和定位难的缺陷,设计了基于北斗卫星的森林火灾监控系统,实现了火灾智能识别和预警,并且可以对火源、火场进行快速定位和信息通报;终端包括烟采集处理模块、图像采集模块、DSP处理模块、ARM主控模块和北斗卫星通信模块五部分,从烟和火焰两个方面对森林实时进行监控,分别采用离子烟雾传感器和DSP火焰识别混合算法,提取火焰图像差值和火焰图像边界参数的方法,提高了识别的准确率;试验证明,系统具有结构简单、使用方便和识别智能化的特点。 相似文献
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Synergistic effects of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) in combination with different metal oxides (Bi2O3, Sb2O3, and MoO3) on the fire safety enhancement of the intumescent flame-retarded epoxy resins (EPs) were systematically evaluated. The results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses show that the OMMT and metal oxides acquire a uniform distribution in the EP matrix, and OMMT platelets exhibit a fully exfoliated state. The flammability and thermogravimetry (TG) tests show that the intumescent flame retardant (IFR)-OMMT-metal oxide ternary system can endow EPs with the higher synergistic efficiencies on the enhancement of flame retardancy, smoke suppression properties, and charring ability compared to those of IFR or IFR-OMMT system, and the synergistic efficiency is the following order: IFR/OMMT/Sb2O3 > IFR/OMMT/MoO3 > IFR/OMMT/Bi2O3. In particular, the sample, filled with 1.5 wt% OMMT, 1.5 wt% Sb2O3, and 27 wt% IFR, passes the UL94 V-0 rating and acquires the highest limiting oxygen index value of 28.5% among the samples. The IFR-OMMT-metal oxide ternary system exerts a better synergistic effect on the generation of crosslinking and aromatic structures that supply the excellent charring effect and barrier effect for the EPs, and the synergistic efficiency of IFR-OMMT-metal oxide ternary system is varied with the types of metal oxides. 相似文献
89.
Fouad Laoutid Henri Vahabi Elnaz Movahedifar Pascal Laheurte Christelle Vagner Marianne Cochez Loïc Brison Mohammad Reza Saeb 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》2021,27(2):264-274
In this study, the effect of the chemical nature of different calcium (Ca)-based minerals as flame retardant additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), in 1:1 proportions, on the flame retardancy behavior and performance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was discussed. Combining APP with partly and completely hydrated calcium oxide led to superior flame-retardant function detected in mass loss calorimeter measurements with respect to the corresponding system containing carbonated calcium. This privileged character was attributed to the higher reactivity of hydrated Ca-based fillers toward APP in comparison with Ca carbonate, which induced the formation of an intumescent residue. The difference between reactivity potential of hydrated and dry Ca was demonstrated by the newly formed thermally stable species, and further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis performed on APP/fillers blends. Moreover, the presence of more crystalline domains in the Ca/phosphorus-based compounds was evidenced by XRD analysis of the mass loss calorimeter test residues. The results of this work highlight the role of blend additive systems on the performance of flame retardancy of polymer materials. 相似文献
90.
Youxian Hu Zhenlin Jiang Min Zhu Shiqiang Song Liang Jin Hong Ji Chaosheng Wang Jianhua Wang 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》2021,27(2):432-444
Polyester is widely used in household products because of its good mechanical properties and wears resistance, but polyester is easy to ignite and inclined to produce droplet, so its application range is limited. The cross-linkable magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles were incorporated into flame-retardant polyester, which enables the phosphorus-containing copolyester with thermal cross-linking and anti-meltdrop properties. The nanoparticles were achieved by in situ polymerization and acted as a nucleating agent for improving the crystalline properties of the copolyester. Furthermore, the nanoparticles also enhanced anti-meltdrop properties and reduced the heat and gas release during the combustion process of the copolyester. The maximum heat release rate and total smoke release reduced by 39.8% and 74.4% compared with pure polyester. Specifically, the combustion products of the nanoparticles and phosphorus flame retardant could act a barrier role by covering the carbon layer to isolate air and heat, thereby resulting in excellent anti-meltdrop properties. The simple modification method reported here realizes the collaborative modification of flame retardant and anti-meltdrop properties of phosphorous flame-retardant copolyesters by thermal cross-linking. 相似文献