Resistance of Mo-bearing stainless steels and Mo-bearing stainless-steel coating to naphthenic acid corrosion and erosion-corrosion

Naphthenic acid corrosion (NAC) and erosion-corrosion (NAEC) behavior of Mo-bearing (0-7.0 wt.%) stainless steels have been investigated in laboratory to evaluate the essential role of Mo on their NAC and NAEC resistance. The NAC and NAEC resistance of a high-velocity-oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal sprayed Mo-bearing stainless-steel coating was also investigated in both laboratory and an oil refinery. It was found that increasing the Mo content remarkably enhanced the NAC and NAEC resistance of stainless steels. The Mo-rich areas or phases in the steels played an importance role in resisting the NAEC. The HVOF coating showed excellent NAC and NAEC resistance in laboratory tests. The 700-day field test in an oil refinery revealed that the coating can effectively prevent the carbon-steel substrate from erosion-corrosion during long-term exposure in oil-refining environment. The corresponding NAC and NAEC mechanisms of the stainless steels and the beneficial role of Mo were discussed by taking account of inherent susceptibility of metal elements to corrosion, possible effects of Mo on surface films, and Mo-induced change in microstructure and microhardness.     

热处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢焊接接头性能的影响

试验研究了固溶＋稳定化处理、固溶处理和去应力退火处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果表明：固溶＋稳定化处理试样的屈服强度、伸长率、抗拉强度均最高。扫描电镜观察结果表明：所有的断口均为韧窝型断裂。     

铝对含钛微合金钢成分控制及夹杂物形成的影响

自主设计了不同Al含量的含钛微合金钢，采用火花源光电直读光谱仪检测了每炉钢的化学成分，分析了Al含量对试验钢中O和Ti含量的影响规律；利用OM、SEM观察了试验钢夹杂物形貌并进行了能谱分析，研究了Al含量对试验钢夹杂物形成的影响规律。研究结果表明：随着Al含量的增加，钢中Ti氧化物夹杂逐渐减少，Ti主要以TiN及TiC的形式存在，收得率得到提高；当Al质量分数大于0.033 7%时，Ti的收得率均高于90%；当Al质量分数控制在0.033 7%~0.060 6%时，脱氧效果较好，并可降低夹杂物数量、减小夹杂物的尺寸。     

焊接工艺参数对奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀行为的影响

通过草酸腐蚀和硫酸-硫酸铁腐蚀实验，研究了奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头腐蚀与焊接热输入的关系。结果表明，随着焊接线能量的增加，其焊接接头腐蚀越严重。随着焊接线能量的增大，腐蚀率增大且有加速趋势。     

高硅铸钢的强韧化机理

采用X射线衍射，计算了高硅铸钢等温淬火热处理后的贝氏体铁素体含碳量，采用TEM分析了贝氏体铁素体中的错位，研究了贝氏体铁素体板条尺寸与高硅铸钢屈服强度、硬度间的关系。在此基础上分析了高硅铸钢的强化以及韧化机理，高硅铸钢的强化是固溶强化，位错强化和细晶强化综合作用的合理；而高硅铸钢的韧化是存在于贝氏体铁素体板条之间富碳的薄膜状残余奥氏体，细小的贝氏体铁素体板条共同作用的结果。合适的Si含量也是影响高硅铸钢韧性重要因素。     

FV520(B)钢时效组织和力学性能分析

通过透射电镜、电子拉伸、示波冲击试验,分析了马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢FV520(B)850℃油淬后分别在560、600和630℃时效后的组织和力学性能。结果表明,淬火态FV520(B)钢560℃和600℃时效处理后,组织均为过时效马氏体+残余奥氏体,但细微组织有较大的差别,630℃时效处理后,组织为过时效马氏体+马氏体+ 残余奥氏体;560℃时效后强度最高;三种时效温度下,FV520(B)均具有较高的冲击韧度,600℃时效后冲击韧度最高;时效温度对FY520(B)冲击韧度的影响主要决定于其对塑性变形功(Apl)的影响。     

Microstructure of a nitrided steel previously decarburized

In this study the effects of a surface-controlled decarburization on the structure of a nitrided steel are analyzed. Samples of a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steel were decarburized by heating in air at different depths and submitted to gaseous nitriding. After decarburization and nitriding, the microstructure of surface layers was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nitrogen and carbon profiles in the diffusion layers were determined by SEM equipped with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (EPMA-WDS) and by glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS). The effect of nitriding was determined by microhardness measurements. Our results indicate that a previous decarburization only slightly affects the surface hardness, but reduces the conventional nitriding depth. The decarburization also favors the nitrogen take-up and produces increased nitrogen concentrations in the compound layer and in the narrow zone beneath it.     

高速钢中贝氏体的二次硬化特征

研究了6-5-4-2高速钢中贝氏体和马氏体回火后的力学性能和组织结构。结果表明,贝氏体比马氏体具有更高的二次硬化效应以及抗回火稳定性和冲击韧性。透射电镜观察发现,马氏体在二次硬化峰温度范围回火时,有Fe_3C析出,而贝氏体铁素体和奥氏体中只析出弥散的MC和M_2C合金碳化物。这表明在贝氏体长大过程中存在合金元素的扩散。     

用快速冷却工艺生产高强度多相钢的实验研究

通过对含Nb微合金钢控制轧制后，进行快速冷却＋超快速冷却工艺的研究，得到了针状铁素体、板条马氏体及下贝氏体多相组织。实验钢在850℃终轧后，以高于50℃／s的冷却速度快速冷却到中间温度（600～550℃），空冷2～3s，之后采用超快速冷却至低温卷取。实验钢具有多相组织，屈服强度达到500MPa，抗拉强度明显提高，同时保证了强度和塑性的良好匹配，节约了生产时间。快冷与超快冷相结合的工艺为开发高强度微合金钢提供了新的实验手段。     

中碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中碳的分布与扩散

利用热模拟压缩变形实验以及SEM、XRD和热磁法,研究了中碳钢过冷奥氏体变形时组织演变过程中碳原子的分布与扩散.结果表明,动态相变过程中碳的有效扩散系数与等温过程相比明显增大,相变完成时间显著缩短.在随后的片层状珠光体的球化过程中,相界以及形变过程中产生的高密度位错和空位等缺陷促进了间隙碳原子的扩散,使得球化动力学过程与等温退火相比显著缩短.渗碳体的溶解和铁素体中碳的过饱和现象得到证实,其中过饱和碳原子高度聚集在铁素体晶界和位错核心处,而不是均匀地分布在铁素体点阵的间隙位置.