Direct Growth of Uniform Bimetallic Core-Shell or Intermetallic Nanoparticles on Carbon via a Surface-Confinement Strategy for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Due to the surface inhomogeneity of the solid supports, direct growth of uniform bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable structure and size thereon is particularly challenging. Herein, a surface-confinement strategy is reported to directly prepare ultrafine bimetallic Pt M NPs (MFe, Cu, and Co) with structure of core-shell or intermetallic compounds on an N functionalized carbon support (NC). It is found that the N species of NC support can atomically disperse metal cations of precursors, which largely renders uniform nucleation and growth of bimetallic NPs and fine structure modulation of them. In another regard, metal transfer is confined to a narrow region on NC via N-mediation, hence greatly favoring localized particle growth and formation of ultrafine bimetallic NPs. Remarkably, the ultrafine 3.1 ± 0.7 nm intermetallic Pt₃Fe NPs on NC displayed excellent catalytic activity and durability toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction.     

Selective Al-Ti reactivity in laser-processed Al/Ti multilayers

Multilayers consisting of five (Al/Ti) bilayers were deposited on (100) silicon wafers. On top was deposited the Ti layer, aimed at preventing Al from diffusing to the surface upon laser treatment. The total thickness of the thin-film structure was 200?nm. Laser irradiations with Nd:YAG picoseconds laser pulses in the defocused regime were performed in air. Laser beam energy was 4?mJ and laser spot diameter on the sample surface was 3?mm (fluence 0.057?J?cm^?2). The samples were treated with different numbers of laser pulses. Structural characterizations were performed by different analytical methods and nano-hardness was also measured. Laser processing induced layer intermixing, formation of titanium aluminides, oxidation of the surface titanium layer and enhanced surface roughness. Aluminum appears at the sample surface only for the highest density of laser irradiation. Laser processing induces increment of nano-hardness by approximately 20% and decrease of residual Young’s modulus for a few percentages from the starting value of the untreated samples. These results can be interesting toward achieving structures with a selective extent of Al-Ti reactivity in this multilayered system, within the development of biocompatible materials.     

Mechanical activation-assisted electro-thermal explosion synthesis of the Ti2AlC phase

This study deals with the synthesis of the Ti₂AlC phase using the Electro-Thermal Explosion under Pressure with Confinement (ETEPC) technique. The effects of the ETEPC technique and the milling process parameters on the TiC_x phase content and the formation mechanism of the Ti₂AlC phase were investigated. The latter is mainly affected by the morphology of the powder mixture and aluminum melted amount. The optimization of the above parameters allowed the achievement of the desired reaction, leading to the formation of the Ti₂AlC phase with a purity of about 97?wt%. The results clearly demonstrate that the ETEPC process enables one to control both time and material synthesis temperature.     

On the effect of tool offset in hybrid-FSW of copper-aluminium alloy

Tool offset is one the most significant parameters in joining of dissimilar materials by friction stir welding (FSW) process. An investigation is carried out on the effect of tool offset toward thermal history, material flow pattern, mechanical properties, welding force, and weld joint morphology. It was found that offsetting toward aluminum side along with a plasma-assisted heat source is an efficient approach to address one of the most important apprehensions in aluminum-copper solid-state welding process. The offset influences the amount of intermetallic at the joint interface and in-effect impacts on final strength and material flow behavior. The optimum and continuous layer of intermetallic produces the maximum weld joint strength. The specimen welded with optimum tool offset shows the highest strength using 55 A plasma current in hybrid friction stir welding process.     

Uniting Strength and Toughness of Al Matrix Composites with Coordinated Al3Ni and Al3Ti Reinforcements

Hybrid aluminum composites are fabricated in a novel manner to characteristically induce a layer‐wise aligned distribution of micro‐scale Al₃Ni and Al₃Ti intermetallic particles that are formed in situ within a ductile Al matrix. The simple and unique Rolling of Randomly Orientated Layer‐wise Materials (RROLM) manufacturing methodology enables microstructural tailoring of the intermetallic reinforcing particles to prescribe enhanced crack tip deflection caused by the complex interaction of local veins of reinforcement particles, in an effort to overshadow the classical loss of toughness in large‐particle reinforced composites. The complimentary reinforcements and their interface with the Al matrix are revealed to have a gradual transition zone that functions to maintain critical cohesion with the particles and the matrix, empowering the superior load transfer capability of the particles, and reducing microvoid penetration into the matrix. In situ three‐point bending observations combined with a local strain field analysis, demonstrate the distinctive crack deflection mechanisms exhibit by the composite. Deviating from the norm, this specialized particle reinforced composite exhibited both strengthening and toughening mechanisms simultaneously, over control samples. The investigated design strategy and model material will assist materials development toward light‐weight, stronger, and tougher particle reinforced Al matrix composites.     

Sn-Ag-xCu-Bi-Ni/Cu焊点界面IMC演变

为了研究低银无铅焊点界面金属间化合物(IMC)的形成与演变,以低银无铅焊点Sn-Ag-xCu-Bi-Ni/Cu为研究对象,研究了钎料中Cu质量分数对界面IMC厚度、形貌和成分的影响.实验结果表明,随着钎料中Cu质量分数的增加,回流焊后焊点IMC层厚度变薄,IMC晶粒尺寸增大,IMC晶粒形貌由颗粒状转变为棱柱状以及鹅卵石状,同时界面IMC成分发生由(Cu,Ni)6Sn5向Cu6Sn5的转变.高温时效后,界面IMC层厚度增长.当钎料中Cu质量分数超过1%时,时效后生成较厚的Cu3Sn化合物层,对焊点可靠性不利.钎料中Cu质量分数应控制在1%以下.     

金属间化合物Sm_3(Fe_(1-x)V_x)_(29)的结构及其微观机制研究

利用X射线衍射,金相显微镜,能谱分析以及差示扫描量热(DSC)等手段对金属间化合物Sm3(Fe1-xVx)29(x=0.01,0.03,0.05,0.08,0.1)的结构及其微观机制进行了研究.结果表明,金属间化合物Sm3(Fe1-xVx)29(x=0.01,0.03,0.05,0.08,0.1)的结构均为3:29型结构,并且随V含量增加,金属间化合物Sm3(Fe1-xVx)29的晶格常数和晶胞体积V均呈减少趋势.当x>0.05时,金属间化合物Sm3(Fe1-xVx)29中的杂质相明显呈现出来.随着V含量的增加,居里温度(TC)呈单调上升趋势.     

利用支持向量机研究钙钛矿型合金中间相的若干规律

以原子的金属半径、电负性和次内层d电子数为参数,用原子参数—模式识别方法,以及支持向量机等方法求得含碳、氮、硼的三元合金系形成钙钛矿型中间相的判据,并建立了计算钙钛矿型中间相的晶胞参数的半经验回归模型。该模型留一法的预报值正确率均在90%以上,与实验结果符合。