Oxidation of methane over platinum in a solid proton-conducting electrolyte cell

Studies of the complete oxidation of methane on a Pt electrode-catalyst in the cell with a solid proton-conducting electrolyte (CH₄ + O₂, Pt ¦ SrCe_0.92Dy_0.08O₃ ¦ Pt, H₂O + N₂) were carried out. The non-Faradaic effect of electrochemical hydrogen pumping on the rate of methane oxidation has been demonstrated. The induced change in the reaction rate at anodic polarization of a Pt electrode-catalyst was over two orders of magnitude higher than the rate of hydrogen pumping from the reaction zone through the electrolyte.     

甲烷和乙烷共同转化制乙烯的研究

甲烷和乙烷可以同时在Ｗ－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上得到活化生成乙烯。原料乙烷和甲烷体积比在０．１１～０．２５的范围内，当甲烷转化率为２０％左右时，共进料反应产物中乙烯体积浓度为８％～１２％，达到炼油厂催化裂化干气中乙烯的浓度。     

Partial oxidation of methane towards hydrogen production over a promising class of catalysts: Rh supported on Ti-modified MgO

The partial oxidation of methane over the supported Rh (0.8 wt.%) catalysts was investigated. Two kinds of supports were used, MgO and Ti-modified MgO (prepared by grafting technique). Among the Ti-modified MgO supports, two different compounds were used as source of Ti: inorganic (chloride) and organic (alkoxide). The catalytic performance of Rh-supported catalysts depends on the support and varies in the sequence: Ti-MgO/I > Ti-MgO/O > MgO. Ti-containing catalysts exhibited higher activity and selectivity compared to MgO, which is especially noticeable at low temperature. Possible explanations for the phenomena observed were proposed on the basis of characterization results.     

淮南矿区煤的甲烷吸附性研究

以淮南矿区Ｃ１３、Ｂ１１ｂ、Ｂ１０、Ｂ４ｂ和Ａ３煤为研究对象，从中精选出精煤、壳质暗煤、惰性暗煤及构造煤，采用重量法，分别测定它们的甲烷吸附量，研究煤的甲烷吸附性。     

High-Pressure (up to 140 MPa) Dynamic Viscosity of the Methane and Toluene System: Measurements and Comparative Study of Some Representative Models

The dynamic viscosity of toluene and methane mixtures containing 25.03, 37.19, 49.95, 64.11, and 95.00 mol% methane has been measured using a falling-body viscometer. The measurements (280 data points) have been performed in the temperature range 293.15 to 373.15 K and at pressures up to 140 MPa. The data have been discussed in the framework of recent representative models (hard-sphere scheme, friction theory, and free-volume model) as well as with simple mixing laws and empirical models (particularly the LBC model and the self-referencing model) used in the literature. This comparative study shows that the average absolute deviation of the models is between 4.9 and 26.8%, and the maximum deviation is between 11.6 and 49.5%.     

Using the high pressure methane isotherm for determination of pore size distribution of carbon adsorbents

A method of determining pore size distribution, PSD, of carbon adsorbents based on the high pressure methane isotherm is presented. A generic software package, and an IBM compatible PC, have been used to search for a PSD in the form of a histogram. The method relies on a known local isotherm, in this case, assuming a simplified model of infinite slit shaped carbon pores.Three carbons, having very different pore structures: BPL, PX-21, and PVDC, were analyzed using the new method and the results compared with those obtained from subcritical Ar, and N₂ isotherms. The analysis from the high pressure methane isotherm gave results which are different than those from the low pressure low temperature isotherms but not significantly enough to be unrealistic.     

Anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m^?3 day^?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm³ per dm³ of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability.     

一种基于DSP的瓦斯传感器校验仪设计

针对传统的瓦斯传感器校验仪校验点少、准确度不高、体积大的问题,设计了一种基于DSP的瓦斯传感器校验仪,详细介绍了该校验仪的软硬件设计。该校验仪以DSP芯片TMS320LF2407为主控芯片,实现了对8台瓦斯传感器的同时校验,且校验结果准确度高,大大提高了工作效率,节省了工作时间。     

煤层注气强化开采流固耦合效应研究

为准确表征煤层气藏强化开采过程中的复杂地质力学效应,同时考虑多孔介质全组份多过程物质运移特征,构建了煤层气藏强化开采全流固耦合数学模型,开发了相应的数值模拟算法,并据此进一步剖析了地质力学效应以及注入气组成对孔渗参数及注采指标的影响。结果表明,有效应力效应与基质膨胀/收缩作用均可显著地影响孔隙度与渗透率,但两者作用方向相反,注入CO2诱发的基质膨胀可使注入井附近渗透率损失近90%。随着杨氏模量的增大或者基质形变强度的降低,CO2突破时间提前,导致煤层气产量及CO2埋存量降低。研究成果可为煤层气产能准确预测及高效开发提供技术支持。     

排采连续性对煤层气开采的影响

排采连续性对煤层气开发至关重要。但是,在排采过程中关井现象不可避免,重新开井后如何排采、制定合理的排采制度是提高产量的关键。通过对煤层气生产阶段理论进行分析,结合关井前后矿场数据,同时借助数值模拟方法,对关井过程中储层参数变化进行了研究。结果表明,关井明显改变储层物性参数,造成井筒附近煤层含水饱和度增加,井底压力升高,同时引起近井地带自由气重新吸附,降低气体渗流能力。因此,重新开井后快速排水有助于沟通气体渗流通道,提高气体流动能力,增加产气量。