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排序方式: 共有5737条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
甲烷部分氧化制合成气催化剂的研究进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
综述了甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究意义和现状,从金属活性组分,载体效应,载量选择,助剂添加和制备方法等因素对催化剂活性的影响及研究进行了系统。结合本课题组的研究结果及文献报道,分析了Ni基催化剂的失活特性,并提出使用等离子体技术对Ni基催化剂进行改笥处理,以提高其催化稳定性的技术展望。 相似文献
72.
Takashi Hayakawa Hideo Orita Masao Shimizu Katsuomi Takehira Arnfinn G. Andersen Kiyoshi Nomura Yusuke Ujihira 《Catalysis Letters》1992,16(4):359-371
The catalytic activity of LaCoO3–-based mixed oxides for the oxidative coupling of methane has been tested by TPR and cyclic reaction. Characterization has been done by XRD, TGA and Mössbauer spectrometry. It is likely that the perovskite-crystal structure containing hypervalent metal ions has an important role and that unique structural oxygen species in the perovskite contribute to the partial oxidation of methane. 相似文献
73.
Experimental data on the kinetics of methane hydrate formation in aqueous electrolyte solutions are reported. The experiments were carried out in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor in three NaCl and two KCl solutions as well as in a solution containing a mixture of NaCl and KCl at three different nominal temperatures from 270 to 274 K and at pressures ranging from 3.78 to 7.08 MPa. The kinetic model developed by Englezos et al. (1987a) was adapted to predict the growth of hydrates. The model is based on the crystallisation theory coupled with the two-film theory for gas absorption in the liquid phase. The kinetic rate constant which appears in the model was that obtained earlier for methane hydrate formation in pure water. The effect of the electrolytes was taken into account through the computation of the three-phase equilibrium conditions and the corresponding fugacities. Overall, the model predictions match the experimental data very well with the largest prediction error being less than 10%. 相似文献
74.
Yasuyuki Matsumura Shigeru Sugiyama Hiromu Hayashi John B. Moffat 《Catalysis Letters》1994,30(1-4):235-240
The introduction of small quantities of lead into calcium hydroxyapatite catalysts produces marked increases in the selectivity to C2+ hydrocarbons, while the conversion of methane remains relatively constant. Small surface concentrations of lead are sufficient to achieve C2+ selectivities of 80 and 90%, with oxygen and nitrous oxide, respectively, in contrast with 18 and 46%, respectively, obtained in the absence of lead. Since surface concentration of lead species sufficient to stabilize pairs of methyl radicals in close proximity to each other would be expected to facilitate the formation of C2 hydrocarbons, an ensemble effect appears to be extant. 相似文献
75.
A.R. Mosier J.A. Delgado V.L. Cochran D.W. Valentine W.J. Parton 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1997,49(1-3):71-83
Increasing concentrations of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere are projected to account for about 25% of the net radiative forcing. Biospheric emissions of CH4 to the atmosphere total approximately 400 Tg C y-1. An estimated 300 Tg of CH4-C y-1 is oxidized in the atmosphere by hydroxyl radicals while about 40 Tg y-1 remains in the atmosphere. Approximately 40 Tg y-1 of the atmospheric burden is oxidized in aerobic soils. Research efforts during the past several years have focused on quantifying
CH4 sources while relatively less effort has been directed toward quantifying and understanding the soil sink for atmospheric
CH4.
Recent research has demonstrated that land use change, including agricultural use of native forest and grassland systems has
decreased the soil sink for atmospheric methane. Some agricultural systems consume atmospheric CH4 at rates less than 10% of those found in comparable undisturbed soils.
While it has been necessary to change land use practices over the past centuries to meet the required production of food and
fiber, we need to recognize and account for impacts of land use change on the biogeochemical nutrient cycles in the biosphere.
Changes that have ensued in these cycles have and will impact the atmospheric concentrations of CH4 and N2O. Since CH4 and N2O production and consumption are accomplished by a variety of soil microorganisms, the influence of changing agricultural,
forest, and, demographic patterns has been large. Existing management and technological practices may already exist to limit
the effect of land use change and agriculture on trace gas fluxes. It is therefore important to understand how management
and land use affect trace gas fluxes and to observe the effect of new technology on them.
This paper describes the role of aerobic soils in the global CH4 budget and the impact of agriculture on this soil CH4 sink. Examples from field studies made across subarctic, temperate and tropical climate gradients in grasslands are used
to demonstrate the influence of nutrient cycle perturbations on the soil consumption of atmospheric CH4 and in increased N2O emissions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
76.
77.
Laiyuan Chen Liwu Lin Zhusheng Xu Tao Zhang Dongbai Liang Qin Xin Pinliang Ying 《Catalysis Letters》1995,35(3-4):245-258
Infrared investigations on the interaction of methane with silica, aluminas (, and ) and HZSM-5 zeolite have been carried out. At low temperature (173 K), methane adsorption was observed over these oxides and HZSM-5 zeolite. Our findings featured that the infrared inactive
1 band (2917 cm–1) of a gaseous methane molecule became active and shifted to lower frequencies (2900 and 2890 cm–1) when it adsorbed on the surfaces of these adsorbents. Our results also demonstrate that hydroxyl groups played a very important role in methane adsorption over the acidic oxides and the HZSM-5 zeolite. When interaction between the hydroxyl groups and methane took place, the band shift of the hydroxyl groups varied with different oxides. The strength of the interaction decreased according to the following sequence, Si-OH-Al>Al-OH>Si-OH, which is in accordance with the order of their acidities. At higher temperatures, methane interacted quite differently with various oxides and HZSM-5 zeolite. It has been observed that the hydroxyl groups of silica, -alumina and HZSM-5 zeolite could exchange with CD4 at temperatures higher than 773K, while those on -alumina could exchange at a temperature as low as 573 K. Another interesting observation was the formation of formate species over Al2O3 (both and ) at temperatures higher than 473 K. The formate species would decompose to CO2, or produce carbonate at much higher temperatures. Formation of formate species was not observed over silica and HZSM-5 under similar conditions, -Al2O3 did not adsorb or react with methane in any case. 相似文献
78.
V2O5催化甲烷液相部分氧化工艺过程研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
以V2O5为催化剂,在发烟硫酸中进行了甲烷液相选择性氧化的研究工作,考察了V2O5催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、发烟硫酸浓度等工艺条件对反应收率的影响,进行了甲烷液相选择性氧化的催化机理探讨和宏观动力学推导.甲烷在部分氧化反应中首先转化为硫酸甲酯,后者进一步水解得到甲醇.甲烷转化率可达54.5%,选择性45.5%,相应的工艺条件为催化剂用量0.0175 mol、反应温度180C、发烟硫酸中SO3含量50%(wt)、反应时间2 h.V2O5催化甲烷液相部分氧化反应遵循亲代取代机理,甲烷液相部分氧化反应为一级反应. 相似文献
79.
Methane oxidation in paddy soils was investigated under laboratory conditions. Paddy soils collected before early rice transplanting
could not oxidize atmospheric CH4 but could oxidize CH4 when the concentration exceeded 10 μl l-1. Initial CH4 oxidation rate increased with the increase of initial CH4 concentration. Soil with the maximum potential to produce CH4, also had the maximum CH4 oxidation activity and the maximum emission flux from paddy soil. High CH4 concentration stimulated the oxidation of CH4. After 10 days' incubation under atmosphere containing 1000 μl-1 or 104 μl l-1 CH4, the soil which could not oxidize atmospheric CH4 was able to oxidize it.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
80.
Linsheng Wang Longxiang Tao Maosong Xie Guifen Xu Jiasheng Huang Yide Xu 《Catalysis Letters》1993,21(1-2):35-41
The dehydrogenation and aromatization of methane on modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts has been studied under non-oxidizing conditions with a fixed bed continuous-flow reactor and with a temperature programmed reactor. The results show that benzene is the only hydrocarbon product of the catalytic conversion of methane at high temperature (973 K). The catalytic activity of ZSM-5 is greatly improved by incorporating a metal cation (Mo or Zn). H2 and ethene have been directly detected in the products with a mass spectrometer during TPAR. A carbenium ion mechanism for the activation of methane is suggested. 相似文献