水下高围压磨料射流装置及冲蚀性能的研究

提出了水下高围压磨料射流切割模拟试验装置并对其进行了试验，得到了冲蚀深度与靶距，模拟水深，射流管长度及冲蚀时间的关系。同时对空气中磨料射流与纯水射流的冲蚀性能也进行了比较，本文较全面地揭示了水下磨料射流的冲蚀性能，为实际应用提供了必要的依据。     

安徽省长江干堤的几种加固措施

安徽省境内765km的长江干堤，由于均是在原来旧堤的基础上经逐年加高培厚的，修筑时均未按设计要求施工，致使堤身密实度不够，新老堤土之间结合不牢，在汛期高水位时易产生渗漏。20世纪70年代以来，安徽省高度重视对长江干堤渗漏隐患的处理，经过长期的实践，逐渐摸索出一套行之有效的除险加固方法，如锥探灌浆、灭杀白蚁、冲抓套吉、垂直铺塑防渗、粘土铺盖及压渗盖重等处理措施。使长江干堤的渗漏隐患得以基本消除，其具体作法可供类似工程借鉴。     

实行工程预决算审计 严格控制投资成本

针对目前企业固定资产投资中存在的投资超概算问题 ,论述了实行工程预决算审计的必要性 ,结合江西铜业股份有限公司的实践阐明了如何实行工程预决算审计 ,以达到提高投资效益的目的。     

微波复合介质基板性能研究

采用微扰法、螺旋圆柱谐振法和带状线谐振法分别对聚四氟树脂复合精细电子陶瓷微波复合介质的复介电常数进行了测量与误差分析。基于扫描电子显微镜 (SEM )观察 ,从微观上解释了辊压工艺对介质介电性能一致性改善的原因。研究了不同的表面处理方法对基板金属化剥离强度的影响规律。     

形式化语言在UMTS开发中的应用

由于3G协议规范的复杂性，3GPP方法论指导方针中鼓励使用标准的形式化语言来进行UMTS产品的设计、开发与测试。文中概要性地描述了UMTS的体系结构和在规范描述中用到的一些形式化语言的基本概念和特点，探讨了这些形式化语言在UMTS开发中的应用。使用形式化语言开发UMTS可以简化和改进测试程序，实现新产品与新标准的同步推出。     

A study of the effects of the location of flashing inception on maximum and minimum critical two-phase flow rates:: Part II: analysis and modelling

A general unified model is developed to predict one-component critical two-phase pipe flow. An extension of the Henry [Henry, R.E., 1970. The Two-Phase Critical Discharge of Initially Saturated or Subcooled Liquid. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 41, 336-342.] and Henry and Fauske [Henry, R.E., Fauske, H.K., 1970. The two-Phase critical Flow of One-Component Mixtures in Nozzles; Orifices and Short Tubes, ASME J. Heat Transfer, May 1970.] models to incorporate the effects of wall friction and the location of flashing inception is proposed. Modelling of the two-phase flow is accomplished by describing the evolution of the flow between the location of flashing inception and the exit (critical) plane. The model approximates the nonequilibrium phase change process via thermodynamic equilibrium paths. Included are the relative effects of varying the location of flashing inception, pipe geometry, fluid properties and length to diameter ratio. The model predicts that a range of critical mass fluxes exist and is bound by a maximum and minimum value for a given thermodynamic state. This range is more pronounced at lower subcooled stagnation states and can be attributed to the variation in the location of flashing inception. The model is based on the experimental study of critical two-phase flow rates of saturated and subcooled water through long tubes given in Part I of this work. In that study, the location of flashing inception was accurately controlled and adjusted through the use of a new device. The data obtained revealed that for fixed stagnation conditions, the maximum critical mass fluxes occurred with flashing inception located near the pipe exit; while minimum critical mass fluxes occurred with the flashing front located further upstream. The results of the present study, as well as available data since 1970 are compared with the model predictions. These data cover a wide range of conditions and include test section L/D ratios from 25 to 302 and a temperature and pressure range of 110-280°C and 0.16-6.9 Mpa, respectively. The predicted maximum and minimum critical mass fluxes show an excellent agreement with the range observed in the experimental data.     

天然气供热供冷的技术经济分析

对冬季采用天然气热水锅炉供热，夏季采用电动离心式冷水机组供冷和冬夏季都采用天然气直燃型溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组进行供热供冷的两种方案进行了技术经济比较。指出天然气价和电价是影响供热供冷成本的最敏感因素。     

西北江三角洲来水来沙的非线性分形特征

根据西、北江干流高要、石角及西北江三角洲网河区顶点马口、三水四个水文站的流量和含沙量资料 ,应用非线性分形原理的R S方法 ,计算西北江干流及西北江网河区顶点四个水文站的流量、含沙量的赫斯特数H和分形维数D ;探讨西、北江干流来水来沙的分形特征及西北江三角洲的分水分沙规律。结果表明 ,流量的分维数略大于含沙量的分维数 ,三水站流量及含沙量的分维数与其上游的石角站流量、含沙量的分维数相差较大 ,与思贤的分水分沙造成西北江的水沙交换有关     

Virtual teamwork in very large undergraduate classes

Collaborative work is an important part of tertiary education but it is very difficult to arrange and supervise for extremely large classes of students in their first year. The possibility that computer-mediated communication can be used to facilitate this type of learning is appealing from a pragmatic organisational point of view. This paper explains in detail what a ‘virtual team’ is in the educational context. It reports on an interpretive field study where students taking an introductory course were allowed to choose where and when they did the required collaborative work. The paper discusses the factors that should be taken into account when offering students the option of working as a virtual team. These include factors that influence the students’ choice. The project cannot be considered to have been successful but indicates reasons for the lack of success and suggests contexts in which it would be valuable to repeat the project. The importance of extensive preparation in terms of teaching the students necessary social and technological skills cannot be over emphasised.     

胜利油区厚层底水断块油藏水平井经济技术政策界限

厚层底水断块油藏高含水期水平井开发效果既受剩余油富集区大小、油层厚度、水平井水平段长度、水平井在平面上和纵向上位置以及生产压差的影响，更受油价的制约。因此，通过胜利油区实际资料统计分析、数值模拟和解析法以及经济评价综合研究，提出了在当前油价和技术条件下，这类油藏水平井地质设计和生产控制的经济技术政策界限，即水平井平面位置应避开老井水锥半径20m以上；水平段垂向位置应为距油水界面0．7倍的油层厚度；水平段长度一般为200～250m；油层厚度应大于或等于8m；初期生产压差一般控制为0．6～1．OMPa；对于埋藏深度为1500m的油藏，油价从35美元／bb1升到40美元美元／bb1时，单井经济极限采油量从7101t降到6105t。