制药工程专业实验课程教学的改革与实践

按照顶层设计思路,从实验课程教学目标、实验课程设置和实验课程内容等方面进行改革,整合了实验课程,优化了实验内容,精心设计了基础型实验—综合型实验—研究创新型实验多层次专业实验项目,建立了实验报告与实验过程在线考核相结合的考核机制。通过引导性和指导性提问进行启发式教学,开展了课内课外相结合的研究创新型专业实验,确保了对学生心手合一的动脑、动手能力的训练,将实践创新能力及科研素质的培养落到实处。     

变性淀粉的应用研究

本文主要介绍了变性淀粉在食品行业中的应用,尤其是在几种肉制品(肉罐头、肉丸、灌肠制品和油炸肉制品)中应用,并简要阐述了变性淀粉在造纸行业、纺织工业和制药行业中的应用。     

Analysis of TRIPS Agreement and the justification of international IP rights protection in the WTO's multilateral trading system,with particular reference to pharmaceutical patents

The entry of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement has seen the developing countries and the least developed countries (LDCs) suffer from the excessive burden of obligations imposed under the Agreement to embrace and implement a higher standard of intellectual property (IP) protection. One of the areas where the impact of the measures is most felt is on accessibility to affordable medicines for frontline treatment of diseases in developing countries and LDCs, where the majority of the HIV/AIDS sufferers come from. This inevitable plight, although well known, and posited by the developing countries and LDCs during the Uruguay round of negotiations, was overlooked. This also necessitated the Doha Deceleration, which does not seem to have addressed the problem. The developed countries have also successfully utilised the TRIPS Agreement's IP rights protection criteria as a benchmark, to develop a much higher IP rights protection agenda through the introduction of TRIPS-plus provisions in bilateral and other multilateral agreements entered into with developing countries. The winners in the game are the patent-holding pharmaceutical corporations, software corporations, media corporations, and the developed countries where they are incorporated. The ones at the receiving end are the developing countries and the LDCs who were promised technology transfer to build a modern economy by the developed countries, but are faced with multiple problems of non-availability of affordable medicines for health care, besides others. This article seeks to study the justification for an extended IP rights protection under the TRIPS Agreement through an analysis of the philosophical underpinnings of the IP rights and the patent regime. It will be argued that the TRIPS Agreement is a major obstacle that the developing countries and the LDCs have been made to face as Members of the WTO (World Trade Organisation), with no end in sight for their miseries, and that the only possible solution is a review or an amendment of the TRIPS Agreement.     

Drug self-assembly: A phenomenon at the nanometer scale with major impact in the structure–biological properties relationship and the treatment of disease

Under water-rich conditions, small amphiphilic and hydrophobic drug molecules self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures. Thus, substantial modifications in their interaction with cellular structures and the ability to reach intracellular targets could happen. Additionally, drug aggregates could be more toxic than the non-aggregated counterparts, or vice versa. Moreover, since self-aggregation reduces the number of effective “monomeric” molecules that interact with the target, the drug potency could be underestimated. In other cases, the activity could be ascribed to the non-aggregated molecule while it stems from its aggregates. Thus, drug self-assembly could mislead from drug throughput screening assays to advanced preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, aggregates could serve as crystallization nuclei. The impact that this phenomenon has on the biological performance of active compounds, the inconsistent and often controversial nature of the published data and the need for recommendations/guidelines as preamble of more harmonized research protocols to characterize drug self-aggregation were main motivations for this review. First, the key molecular and environmental parameters governing drug self-aggregation, the main drug families for which this phenomenon and the methods used for its characterization are described. Then, promising nanotechnology platforms investigated to prevent/control it towards a more efficient drug development process are briefly discussed.     

Prediction of color changes in acetaminophen solution using the time–temperature superposition principle

A prediction method for color changes based on the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was developed for acetaminophen solution. Color changes of acetaminophen solution are caused by the degradation of acetaminophen, such as hydrolysis and oxidation. In principle, the TTSP can be applied to only thermal aging. Therefore, the impact of oxidation on the color changes of acetaminophen solution was verified. The results of our experiment suggested that the oxidation products enhanced the color changes in acetaminophen solution. Next, the color changes of acetaminophen solution samples of the same head space volume after accelerated aging at various temperatures were investigated using the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) LAB color space (a*, b*, L* and ΔE*ab), following which the TTSP was adopted to kinetic analysis of the color changes. The apparent activation energies using the time–temperature shift factor of a*, b*, L* and ΔE*ab were calculated as 72.4, 69.2, 72.3 and 70.9 (kJ/mol), respectively, which are similar to the values for acetaminophen hydrolysis reported in the literature. The predicted values of a*, b*, L* and ΔE*ab at 40?°C were obtained by calculation using Arrhenius plots. A comparison between the experimental and predicted values for each color parameter revealed sufficiently high R² values (>0.98), suggesting the high reliability of the prediction. The kinetic analysis using TTSP was successfully applied to predicting the color changes under the controlled oxygen amount at any temperature and for any length of time.     

药用级凹凸棒黏土质量指标的初步研究

研究药用级凹凸棒黏土的质量标准。分析比较美国药典(USP)、英国药典(BP)和我国卫生部标准(MOH)中凹凸棒黏土的质量指标,按照美国药典规定的方法,用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对经自然沉降法纯化处理的盱眙凹土进行鉴别,并对其重金属含量、微生物限度、pH值、失重、粉末细度等指标进行检测。检测结果符合药典规定,检测方法简单易行,可用于药用级凹凸棒黏土质量的控制。     

水环境中药物污染、检测及去除研究进展

分析国内外水体中药物污染现状及其差异,详述水环境中痕量药物残留分析典型流程及固相萃取结合色谱 质谱联用的检测方法,总结污水处理厂、传统氧化工艺、高级氧化工艺、活性炭吸附和新型水处理技术去除效果和机理,认为在我国对各类水体进行药物污染调查、明确"优先污染药物"及研究水处理工艺药物去除效果等方面是今后研究的重点。     

药事管理学课程改革初探

以我校药学类专业药事管理学理论课程、实践环节、创新性实验及教学效果质量评价等方面的改革为例,初步探讨工科药学类专业药事管理学课程改革与实践,为普通工科院校的药学高等教育改革提供参考。     

基于模糊神经网络的中成药组成药材识别

提出一种用于中成药组成药材识别的模糊推理神经网络。该网络借鉴自适应共振(ART)的思想，参考正规化模糊神经网络而构造。网络采用两阶段工作模式，首先根据中药材样本特征学习网络结构，而后再进行集中批学习网络参数。网络为中成药组成药材识别定制，也可用于中药材识别经实际测试，达到了预期效果，为中成药药方解析、中成药质量控制和鉴定提供了一个新方法。