The interaction of ultrasound with contacting asperities: Applications to crack closure and fatigue crack growth

The partial contact of two rough fatigue crack surfaces leads to transmission, reflection, diffraction, and mode conversion of an acoustic signal at those contacts. This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical efforts to understand and quantify such contact on actual fatigue cracks in greater detail. It is shown that the size and density of individual contacts, or asperities, can be estimated from acoustic measurements. Furthermore, it is shown that this information is useful to provide the static stress across a partially closed crack as well as the effective stress intensity range which activates fatigue crack propagation.     

基于Midas软件的预制拼装管廊变形规律研究

通过Midas Gen有限元模拟软件对地震荷载、车辆荷载、不均匀沉降及单侧开挖等不同工况下的预制拼装管廊进行了模拟研究,以期揭示预制拼装管廊在不同工况下的结构受荷变形规律。研究表明,地震作用下管廊的X向位移主要发生在管廊的顶板处,Z向位移主要发生在左舱道。不均匀地质条件及水土压力,车辆荷载对管廊的竖向位移影响不大。双舱预制拼装管廊的的最大位移点位于左舱的中部顶板处。在管廊单侧开挖工况下,受力侧侧墙底部节点最容易发生破坏,但结构位移值较小,说明单侧开挖工况下对于双舱预制拼装管廊的刚度要求较低。     

寒冷干旱地区高碾压混凝土坝裂缝成因分析

某高碾压混凝土重力坝地处寒冷干旱地区,施工中在其底部基础区发现裂缝。采用有限元法对裂缝坝段混凝土温度及应力变化过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明:混凝土应力与温度变化呈明显的负相关性,在混凝土升温阶段坝段内部应力以压应力为主,达到最高温度开始降温后逐渐出现拉应力区;持续时间在2 d以上的连续降温对混凝土表面的危害较大;混凝土表面保温对削减寒潮冷击的作用比较显著,能有效防止混凝土开裂。     

重力坝岩基破坏过程的计算机动态仿真研究

本文针对重力坝岩基的受荷变形特征及可能破坏形态,就无量纲分析、破坏准则、破坏后效以及应力场与渗流的耦合进行了分析探讨,提出了模拟坝踵裂缝的“裂缝法”,并利用所研制的坝基破坏全过程动态仿真程序进行了算例计算。     

混凝土构件裂缝控制模糊可靠度计算方法

以"引入模糊示性函数的蒙特卡罗法"为基础,建立了一种混凝土构件裂缝控制可靠指标计算方法。对GB50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》以及修订前规范GB 50010—2002中裂缝宽度计算公式的可靠指标进行了计算比较。由此得出:GB 50010—2010中裂缝宽度计算公式的可靠指标处于1.0～1.4之间,较修订前规范公式的可靠指标整体下降了0.8左右。目前仍宜将规范公式的裂缝宽度计算保证率取为95%。     

关于高拱坝混凝土温控措施的建议

高拱坝由于坝体较高,底宽及仓面都较大,会带来一些新的问题.介绍分析了一些高拱坝建设中常见的问题:底宽长,约束区范围大;现场数据量大,给处理分析带来困难;受到地基和混凝土的约束更强等.提出了以下几点措施:1)选择合适的混凝土半熟龄期;2)施工期进行时空动态控制,针对具体工程建立温控决策支持系统;3)合理规划通水冷却,安排中期冷却以及适当地规划二期冷却.     

管道裂纹远场涡流检测正演模型设计

管道远场涡流裂纹缺陷检测的本质是电磁场反演问题,由于先验约束条件的不足,缺陷尺寸的定量检测成为一个无定解的不适定问题。提出了一种基于BP神经网络学习算法的管道远场涡流检测正演模型的设计方法,通过对轴对称缺陷管道模型的仿真研究,提取出与缺陷尺寸显著相关的关键磁场特征量,实现了从管道裂纹缺陷尺寸空间到磁场信号特征空间的非线性定量映射。经测试,正演模型对远场涡流特征信号具有良好的逼近精度和推广能力,可为管道轴对称裂纹缺陷的定量反演评估提供有效的先验知识和约束条件。     

Mild Topographical Memory Impairment Following Crossed Unilateral Lesions of the Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus and the Inferotemporal Cortex.

Monkeys with crossed unilateral lesions of the dorsomedial thalamus and contralateral ablations of the inferotemporal cortex were mildly impaired on acquisition and retention of visual conditional tasks requiring the integration of information about objects and their positions in space. They were not impaired on other conditional and nonconditional tasks. This impairment pattern resembles, qualitatively, that found following crossed unilateral lesions of the anterior thalamus and the inferotemporal cortex or bilateral lesions of the anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Although the flow of visual information from the inferotemporal cortex through the hippocampal-fornix-anterior thalamic circuit plays a major part in memory for objects in places, the flow of information between inferotemporal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus, possibly by means of the frontal cortex, also makes some contribution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On advanced solution strategies to overcome locking effects in strong discontinuity approaches

This paper is concerned with the analysis of locking effects resulting from different orientations of micro‐defects and those of the corresponding macro‐defects. Based on a mixed‐mode material model embedded within the framework of the strong discontinuity approach (SDA), the described locking effect is illustrated by means of a crack analysis of a notched concrete beam. To overcome the deficiency of the proposed finite element model, the original SDA is modified and extended. For that purpose, two different advanced numerical formulations are developed: a rotating crack approach and a multiple crack approach. Restricting the governing equations to the material point level, a standard return‐mapping procedure is applied to the algorithmic formulations of both models. The applicability and the performance of the proposed numerical implementations are investigated by means of a re‐analysis of the two‐dimensional notched concrete beam. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波包分解的转子叶片裂纹故障特征分析

应用小波包分解能对信号高、低频部分局部细化并保留原信号的时域特征,因而具有良好的时频局部化特性,对非平稳信号进行有效识别的技术,从采集到的有叶片裂纹时的振动信号,通过选取适当的频段进行信号重构,提取叶片裂纹故障的特征,从而实现转子叶片裂纹故障诊断。