Thermoelectric properties of mechanically alloyed iron disilicides consolidated by various processes

Mn doped p-type iron disilicide powders have been produced by a mechanical alloying process. As-milled powders were of metastable state and mostly transformed to β-FeSi₂ phase by subsequent isothermal annealing. As-milled powders were consolidated by various processes such as sintering of the cold compact in vacuum, vacuum hot pressing (VHP), and spray drying/atmospheric plasma thermal spraying. Phase transitions during the processes were investigated using XRD, EDS, and SEM. As-consolidated specimens consisted of a mixture of α-Fe₂Si₅ and ε-FeSi phases, which were gradually transformed into a thermoelectric semiconducting α-FeSi₂ phase by subsequent isothermal annealing in the vicinity of 845°C in vacuum. However, some residual α and ε phases remained even after prolonged annealing. Thermoelectric properties were measured as a function of temperature and correlated with phase transformation. They showed optimum values in the vacuum hot pressed specimen due to a higher fraction of β phase and/or higher density.     

16Co14Ni10Cr2Mo钢制飞机零件真空热处理工艺

１６Ｃｏ１４Ｎｉ１０Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ钢是国外广泛地用于制造飞机重要受力构件的一种经双真空冶炼的新型超高强度结构钢。作者经过试验优选了该钢的真空热处理工艺并用于生产。试验证明：该钢经真空热处理后，表面光亮，无氧化脱碳，且基本上不变形，工艺重现性好。     

浅析我国热处理设备的更新换代

低真空变压热处理技术（包括设备和工艺）是综合低真空热处理和变压热处理的优点的专利技术。该技术的炉气能快速吐故纳新和精确调控,其炉温也能精确控制,且与真空热处理炉相比,其设备的价格也较低廉,是“老三炉”更新换代的理想产品。广泛采用低真空变压热处理技术是缩短我国同发达国家之间差距的捷径之一。     

真空熔炼AZ91镁合金过程中Mg元素的蒸发行为

在真空Ar气氛中熔炼AZ91镁合金，测定了不同精炼温度下Mg元素的蒸发速率。结果表明，随着精炼温度的升高，Mg元素的蒸发量增大。通过计算可知，Mg的蒸气压是Al的10^9倍，是Zn的46倍，因此主要是Mg的蒸发而导致合金其他元素含量升高。XRD分析表明，蒸发物是Mg元素。结合Mg元素的蒸发机制，在该试验条件下推导出Mg元素蒸发率的计算公式以及Mg元素的表观传质系数、蒸发率与精炼温度的关系，计算得出Mg元素蒸发率为0．86×10^-3-1．35×10^3g／cm^2·s，Mg元素的表观传质系数在2×10^-5-24×10^-5cm／s范围内。     

真空渗硼预处理在CVD金刚石-硬质合金涂层工具中的应用

采用固体粉末真空渗硼工艺，研究了硬质合金工具表面真空渗硼预处理对金刚石涂层附着力的影响，研究结果表明，硬质合金工具通过固定粉末真空渗硼处理，表面生成具有较高稳定性的以CoWB、CoB为主的渗层，经过长时间的金刚石涂层后，硬质合金工具表面出现Co3B和W2Co21B6相，没有单质Co相出现，克服了金刚石沉积中硬质合金表面钴的不利影响，使标志金刚石涂层附着力的压痕测试的临界载荷达到了1500N，并且有着较好的重现性。     

Effect of temperature on vacuum hot bulge forming of BT20 titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece

Temperature is one of the key parameters for BT20 titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece manufactured by vacuum hot bulge forming. A two-dimensional nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupled FE model was established. Numerical simulation of vacuum hot bulge forming process of titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece was carried out using FE analysis software MSC Marc. The effects of temperature on vacuum hot bulge forming of BT20 titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece were analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulated results show that the Y-direction displacement and the equivalent plastic strain of the workpiece increase with increasing bulge temperature. The residual stress decreases with increasing bulge temperature. The optimal temperature range of BT20 titanium alloy during vacuum hot bulge forming is 750-850 ℃. The corresponding experiments were carried out. The simulated results agreed well with the experimental results.     

Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料在Si3N4陶瓷上的润湿性研究

针对Si3N4陶瓷的高温活性钎焊要求,设计了高温Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料成分,并采用单辊急冷法成功制备了Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料.对比分析了相同成分的Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶和晶态钎料在Si3N4陶瓷表面的润湿情况.结果表明:在低真空条件下,晶态钎料能够润湿Si3N4陶瓷,非晶钎料却因完全氧化而失效.在5×10-3Pa高真空条件下,非晶钎料的润湿性优于晶态钎料,在研究的Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料中,Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶钎料对Si3N4陶瓷的润湿性最佳.     

铝基复合材料；真空钎焊；接头强度；断裂分析

采用Al-28Cu-5Si-2Mg钎料，在真空高频感应条件下对SiCp/LY12复合材料进行了钎焊连接。试验结果表明：钎焊温度、保温时间、SiC颗粒的体积分数以及焊后时效处理均会影响SiCp/2024Al复合材料钎焊接头的连接强度：钎缝中有少量SiC颗粒存在，且分布不均匀。在靠近母材处出现贫化区，在钎缝中心两侧有较小的集聚区。SiCp/LY12复合材料钎焊接头的断裂是由于钎缝金属中的SiC颗粒成为裂源，裂纹沿钎缝作低能量撕裂所致。     

GAS-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF Pb-Cd-Zn SYSTEM UNDER VACUUM

ＧＡＳ－ＬＩＱＵＩＤＥＱＵＩＬＩＢＲＩＵＭＯＦＰｂ－Ｃｄ－ＺｎＳＹＳＴＥＭＵＮＤＥＲＶＡＣＵＵＭＧＡＳ－ＬＩＱＵＩＤＥＱＵＩＬＩＢＲＩＵＭＯＦＰｂ－Ｃｄ－ＺｎＳＹＳＴＥＭＵＮＤＥＲＶＡＣＵＵＭ￥Ｌｉｕ，Ｒｉｘｉｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｃａ...     

真空热处理炉传热的三维数值模拟

为了分析真空热处理炉内加热工件的温度场,将包括工件在内的整个真空热处理炉作为模拟对象建立了一个三维的数值模型.该模型集成了一个控制炉温的PID模块,并且考虑了热物性参数的非线性因素.基于一商业软件,对工件、真空热处理炉的隔热层、加热管等的瞬态传热过程进行了数值模拟,并与实测值进行了对比,两者基本吻合.最后,根据模拟结果提出了优化的加热工艺参数.