Attributes of packaging and influences on waste

An important area of focus for the reduction of domestic waste is packaging and food packaging specifically. At some point in the life of packaging in the consumers' home, the packaging goes through a transition from something of use, of value and of worth to the consumer to something that is no longer any of these. Being able to indentify attributes of packaging that might have an impact on this transitional point to change the use or value so that the packaging is re‐used, recycled or composted rather than being landfilled is very important in successfully diverting packaging waste from landfill. This research aimed to conduct a variety of tests to indentify attributes of packaging that have an influence on the eventual waste route and to determine what that influence was. The research included an extensive literature study looking at consumer test methods, current waste and packaging waste studies, and packaging design literature. This was followed by a series of four tests: ‘bin raids’, ‘digital diary’, ‘visual survey’ and ‘ethnography’. These tests were designed to determine how consumers would treat specific examples of packaging in an end‐of‐life scenario and what influences those decisions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lipid Damage Inhibition in Hake by Active Packaging Film with Natural Antioxidants

The capacity of the natural antioxidant to retard oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in hake (Merluccius merluccius) muscle was investigated. Hake fillets were packaged in low‐density polyethylene with the natural antioxidant (sample C1 = 7 mg/dm² film and sample C2 = 24 mg/dm² film) or without the antioxidant (control sample) and frozen for 12 months at ?20°C. The results confirm the efficacy of an active packaging with a natural antioxidant derived from barley husks to slow the progress of lipid hydrolysis and increase oxidative stability in hake muscle. Determination of peroxide value, conjugated dienes, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and anisidine value (AV) proved suitable for studying lipid hydrolysis and primary and secondary lipid oxidation over time. After 6 months of frozen storage, the TBARS levels were lower in hake packed with low‐density polyethylene with the natural antioxidant (C1 and C2) than in the control sample; at month 12, the TBARS values of C1 and C2 were lower (16 and 21%, respectively) than the control samples. AVs observed in samples C1 and C2 at month 9 were lower than those observed in the control sample at month 12. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

足球技战术信息采集分析系统的研究与应用

根据足球计算机辅助应用很少的现状从实用性角度出发,设计实现一个辅助系统来完成足球比赛信息采集和分析的工作。在系统实现过程中分析确定技战术采集方案、数据存储模型,从而确定系统的整体思路和可行性,最终使系统顺利完成,并且在实际应用中得到了很好的反馈。该系统的实现使足球项目摆脱原来人工采集分析数据的方式,使足球技战术信息采集的效率与采集数据的正确性和完备性得到了很大的提高。     

Study of Low-Temperature Thermocompression Bonding in Ag-In Solder for Packaging Applications

Low-temperature solders have wide applications in integrated circuits and micro-electromechanical systems packaging. In this article, a study on Ag-In solder for chip-to-chip thermocompression bonding was carried out. The resulting joint consists of AgIn₂ and Ag₉In₄ phases, with the latter phase having a melting temperature higher than 400°C. Complete consumption of In solder into a Ag-rich intermetallic compound is achieved by applying a bond pressure of 1.4 MPa at 180°C for 40 min. We also observe that the bonding pressure effect enables a Ag-rich phase to be formed within a shorter bonding duration (10 min) at a higher pressure of 1.6 MPa. Finally, prolonged aging leads to the formation of the final phase of Ag₉In₄ in the bonded joints.     

基于视频分析的南水北调跨渠桥危化车预警系统

跨渠桥梁是南水北调中线工程的重要基础设施,危化品运输车辆一旦在跨渠桥梁上发生事故,不仅会对桥体结构造成很大损坏,还会对沿线水质产生较大污染。如果能及时发现,提前预警,就可以针对每座桥梁的情况提早防范,快速处理,将损失降到最低。针对以上需求建立基于智能视频分析的危化品车辆流量、类别监控识别与统计分析系统,采用智能监控和态势感知等建立了多层次、全方位预警决策和风险管控平台。平台功能涉及车辆流量、类别识别、统计分析技术和预警功能,能辨识经过跨渠桥梁的车辆,特别是能对危化品运输车辆出入桥梁的信息进行记录和流量统计,对车辆偏离车道、异常停车、翻车、冲入渠道等异常事件能第一时间进行信息报告与自动预警。该项目已付诸实施,为南水北调跨渠桥梁安全管控提供了新的技术防护手段。     

Active coating for storage of Mozzarella cheese packaged under thermal abuse

A novel antimicrobial packaging system, as active coating on a commercial Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, was formulated and tested in vitro against the spoilage bacteria of Mozzarella cheese. It is based on layered double hydroxide (LDHs) intercalated with salicylate and carbonate anions dispersed in a solvent-based heat seal. The population of spoilage microorganisms (total coliforms, Pseudomonas, fungi), along with the functional microbiota of Mozzarella cheese (lactic acid bacteria) was characterized. Microbial shelf life was evaluated at 18 °C, to simulate thermal abuse. Experimental results show an increase in the microbial shelf life of the packaged Mozzarella cheese of about 20 days, confirming that the investigated active coating may exert an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms responsible for spoilage phenomena, without affecting the functional microbiota of the product.     

Thermo-mechanical,structural characterization and antibacterial performance of solvent casted polylactide/cinnamon oil composite films

Polylactic acid (PLA) based composite films were prepared by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cinnamon oil (CIN) (25 and 50% w/w of PLA) via solution casting method. Morphological, structural, thermo-mechanical, spectral, and antibacterial properties of PLA/PEG/CIN films were investigated. Tensile strength (TS) and tensile modulus (TM) of the film decreased, while the elongation at break (EAB) increased by increasing CIN concentration. Using the principle of time-temperature superposition, the viscous modulus and the complex viscosity of composite films at selected temperatures and frequencies (time scales) were superimposed well in an extended frequency range. Thermal properties decreased substantially with incorporation of CIN. Significant changes in molecular organisation and intermolecular interactions between CIN and PLA/PEG matrix were observed through the FTIR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) revealed rough surfaces of the composite films. The effectiveness of composite films was tested against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium inoculated in chicken samples, and it was found that the film containing 50% CIN showed an antibacterial activity during 16 days storage at refrigerated condition. The developed film has a potential for packaging of chicken samples with extended storage.     

远程视频监控中快速采集子系统的设计与实现

为解决在远程视频监控中获取计算机监控屏幕图像的传统屏幕DC方法截取速度慢和DirectX方法适用用范围窄上所存在的不足，在屏幕DC方法的基础上，结合内存映射文件技术加快写屏的思想，提出一种优化屏幕信息采集的新方法。并将连续捕捉到的图像合成为AVI视频流，使之能够预览播放。实验分析表明，该方法既有较快的截图速率，同时具有适用范围广泛的优点，在远程视频监控屏幕信息采集系统中有很大的用途。     

运用悬念等影视技巧提高教学效果的方法--以《中国教育史》教学为例

实践证明，以影视悬念为主的影视技术或技巧在教学中的有效应用既可以增强教学的趣味性，提高教学效果，更是教学生成性、互动性、启发性等新的教育教学理念的直观诠释与实践。所以，借助悬念和穿越等影视手法与现代遥感技术等高科技手段，形成悬念式新课导入法、悬念式内容过渡法、悬念式结课法和环环相扣悬念教学法等方法不仅可以为教学方法变革带来新的元素，而且课程成为现代教育技术有益的补充。