高洁净度Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂的制备与微结构特征

在传统氟盐法工艺的基础上,利用电磁场作用下合金化处理、旋转除气及高效过滤等技术,提出了一种制备高洁净度Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂的新工艺。试验研究表明,采用新的高洁净度制备工艺使Al-5Ti-1B合金中的杂质减少、洁净度大幅度提高。微结构表征显示采用新工艺制备的Al-5Ti-1B合金中TiAl3相和TiB2粒子分布均匀,尺寸细小,分别为5～30μm和0.37～1.24μm,能够很好地满足高品质铝合金细化处理的要求。并对Al-5Ti-1B细化剂的细化机理进行了讨论,为工业生产中进一步提高Al-5Ti-1B细化剂的质量提供理论依据和技术参考。     

Enhanced sinterability of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ by addition of nickel oxide

The effect of nickel oxide addition on the sintering behavior and electrical properties of BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3−δ (BZCYYb) as an electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells was systematically studied. Results suggest that the addition of a small amount (∼1 wt%) of NiO to BZCYYb greatly promoted densification, achieving ∼96% of the theoretical density after sintering at 1350 °C in air for 3 h (reducing the sintering temperature by ∼200 °C). Further, a sample sintered at 1450 °C for 3 h showed high open circuit voltages (OCVs) when used as the electrolyte membrane to separate the two electrodes under typical SOFC operating conditions, indicating that the electrical conductivity of the electrical conductivity of the BZCYYb was not adversely affected by the addition of ∼1 wt% NiO.     

Optical response of grain boundaries in upgraded metallurgical-grade silicon for photovoltaics

Using upgraded metallurgical-grade silicon (UMG-Si) is a cost-effective and energy-efficient approach for the production of solar cells. Grain boundaries (GBs) play a major role in determining the device performance of multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) solar cells. In this study two UMG-Si wafers, one from the middle part of a brick and the other from the top part of the same brick, were investigated. An excellent correlation was found between the grain misorientation and the corresponding optical response of GBs as indicated by photoluminescence (PL) imaging, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the PL features at random GBs depend also on the impurity levels in the wafer. In particular the PL emission was greatly enhanced in the narrow regions close to the random GB in the top wafer, which is an interesting phenomenon that may have potential application in high efficiency light-emission diodes (LEDs) based on Si.     

铈镧混合稀土对AZ91D压铸镁合金显微组织和蠕变性能的影响

研究了不同含量Ce/La(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)对AZ91D镁合金显微组织及蠕变性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDX)观察与分析表明,压铸AZ91D镁合金中添加Ce/La后,除了α-Mg,β-Mg17Al12相之外,还生成了新的稀土化合物Al11RE3(RE=Ce/La)化合物,并且细化了合金显微组织、提高了合金室温和高温力学性能。生成的Al11RE3(RE=Ce/La)高温热稳定相使AZ91D+xCe/La(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0)合金在150℃,50MPa下的蠕变抗力优于AZ91D镁合金,1%Ce/La的合金与AZ91D相比,蠕变延伸率低了0.2%,最小蠕变速率从2.30×10-8s-1降低到2.02×10-8s-1。蠕变试样的微观组织结构分析表明:AZ91D合金的蠕变机制主要以晶界滑移方式为主,Al11RE3(RE=Ce/La)热稳定相在晶界处延缓和阻碍了晶界断裂的过程。     

结构化组合事务补偿精化性质研究

针对复杂异构、松耦合Web组合事务执行失败时原子性和一致性保持的问题,提出一种基于配对Petri网的复杂组合业务流程的补偿和精化方法,解决复杂多伙伴业务流程的抽象建模问题。首先定义了4种基于配对Petri网的基本组合补偿结构：顺序、并行、选择和迭代结构;然后引入组合流程精化的概念,给出了精化后相关性质的证明,最后通过具体业务实例验证该精化方法的可行性。     

Efficiency of Power Dissipation and Instability Criterion for Processing Maps in Hot Forming

The processing maps are a superimposition of iso-efficiency contour map and flow instability map, which are used to design hot working processing conditions in a wide variety of materials. In order to construct the processing maps, the efficiency of power dissipation and an instability criterion taking into account the contribution of strain and microstructure evolution are proposed based on a set of microstructure-based viscoplastic constitutive equations. In viscoplastic constitutive equations, the grain size of matrix phase and the dislocation density are taken as internal state variables. And, the material constants in present equations can be identified by a genetic algorithm (GA)-based objective optimization technique. Isothermal compression of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is conducted on a Thermecmaster-Z simulator with different deformation temperatures, strain rates and height reductions so as to establish the processing maps by using the present model. The primary a grain size is measured at an OLYMPUS PMG3 microscope with the quantitative metallography image analysis software. Based on the experimental results, the processing maps of Ti-6Al-4V alloy are constructed at different strains. The processing maps show that the instability domains and the efficiency of power dissipation vary as the strain increases. The comparison between the processing maps of present study and that based on Prasad's theory shows that the present processing maps can more efficiently describe the deformation behavior and provide more appropriately physical interpretation and optimize processing conditions accurately.     

The role of grain orientation in microstructure evolution of pure aluminum processed by equal channel angular pressing

A new approach describing the role of crystallographic orientation in the microstructural refinement of commercially pure aluminum during the successive passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is introduced. The study is based on analysis of X-ray diffraction texture data that is used to calculate the geometrical position of crystallographic slip planes with respect to the shearing plane of the ECAP die. The angular deviations of {111} slip planes from the macroscopic deformation plane for different processing routes were calculated and compared. The microstructure evolution was investigated using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The grain size and grain boundary character distribution obtained for each processing route are related to the angles between {111} planes and the shearing plane. It was shown that the more effective routes in grain refinement have higher angles between {111} slip planes and the shearing plane.     

A356铝合金Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr熔体处理遗传效应

通过重熔试验研究Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr中间合金在A356熔体中的遗传效应。结果表明:A356合金经熔体处理后流动性较母材提高17.36%,T6处理后α-Al枝晶细化,二次枝晶间距仅为16.8μm,共晶硅圆整,抗拉强度达269 MPa、屈服强度203MPa、伸长率12.5%、硬度92 HBW。伴随重熔,细化变质效果逐渐衰退,熔体质量下降,以致力学性能和流动性下降。试验发现固溶后快淬可减小变质衰退带来的影响。     

AZ31镁合金轧制板材退火后的组织与力学性能

采用单向轧制和交叉轧制工艺分别进行了AZ31镁合金板材轧制实验,分析了轧制板材经退火处理后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:采用单向轧制工艺,当板材最终变形量相等时,经退火处理后的板材大压下量比小压下量得到的微观组织更为细小;交叉轧制得到轧制板材可以缓解镁合金轧制板材在室温下的各向异性,其微观组织较单向轧制均匀,具有更好的冲压成形性能;交叉轧制和单向轧制两种工艺得到的板材微观组织细化效果相似。     

脉冲电子束改性TCA钛合金微观组织和性能

采用低能强电流(LEHC)脉冲改性技术处理TC4钛合金表面,利用扫描电子显微(SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微(TEM)和纳米压痕分析(NI)等方法对表面改性层组织进行表征,按照不同低能强电流脉冲改性工艺下改性层的组织特征,结合纳米压痕硬度试验,分析了脉冲电子束改性晶粒的细化机制。结果表明,脉冲电子束改性试样可分为熔化相变层、热影响层和基体三个区域;熔化相变层中的晶粒细化机制是脉冲电子束改性时随着温度的快速升高,表面层发生熔化后的重新结晶以及α相在β相中的析出;晶粒细化是表层纳米压痕硬度提高的主要原因。