烧结助剂对反应烧结氮化硅陶瓷的影响

以Si粉和C粉为主要原料 ,在氮气流量为1.2L·min- 1,氮化温度为 1380℃ ,保温时间为 2 0h的条件下 ,研究了分别以 10wt%的MgO、Al、Al2 O3和Al2 O3+Y2 O3粉为烧结助剂对反应烧结氮化硅陶瓷的影响。结果表明 :以MgO粉作烧结助剂时 ,试样的主要成分是MgSiO3,另外还有Si2 N2 O ,但没有Si3N4 生成 ;以Al粉作烧结助剂时 ,试样的主要成分是SiO2 ,仅有少量Si3N4 存在 ;以Al2 O3作烧结助剂时 ,试样的主要成分是β Si3N4 和α Si3N4 ;以 2wt%Al2 O3+8wt%Y2 O3作烧结助剂时 ,试样的主要成分为 β Si3N4 ,同时含有少量α Si3N4 。     

Electrooxidation of methanol at platinum–ruthenium catalysts prepared from colloidal precursors: Atomic composition and temperature effects

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was investigated on PtRu electrodes of different atomic compositions at several temperatures (from 25 to 110 °C). Very active catalyst nanoparticles supported on active carbon (Vulcan XC 72) were obtained using the colloidal synthesis developed by Bönnemann et al. [11], allowing easy variation of the atomic composition. These electrocatalysts were characterized by TEM, EDX and XRD; results indicate that they consist of platinum nanoparticles decorated by ruthenium. Methanol oxidation was studied as a function of composition, temperature and methanol concentration. Two effects were investigated: the effect of the working temperature and the effect of the atomic composition. It appeared that for lower methanol electrooxidation overvoltages, the best catalysts are ruthenium-rich, whereas at higher overvoltages the best one is the Pt + Ru (80:20)/C composition, irrespective of the working temperature, either in half-cell or in a single DMFC.     

广西古代陶器组成的研究

桂林甑皮岩遗址发现了距今９２４０－１０３７０年的陶片，证实了广西地区从新石器以来就成为我国古代陶器的发源地之一。本工作研究了广西出土的４４块陶片，测定了陶胎的化学和矿物组成。由此表面广西古陶的ＳｉＯ２含量随时代变迁而逐渐增加，而Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量在明显下降，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的含量也有降低的趋势。     

Differently sized native milk fat globules separated by microfiltration: fatty acid composition of the milk fat globule membrane and triglyceride core

The aim of this study was to characterize the fatty acid composition of the core and membrane of differently sized milk fat globules separated by microfiltration, which can now be used to manufacture dairy products. Native milk fat globules of various mean diameters, ranging from d₄₃ = 2.3 µm to 8.0 µm, were obtained using microfiltration of raw whole milk. After milk fat globule washing, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and the triglyceride core (TC) were separated by manual churning. After total lipid extraction from each fraction, their fatty acid composition was characterized using methyl ester analysis by gas chromatography. Regardless of season, no significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of the MFGM phospholipids. Conversely, significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of TC; particularly, small fat globule TC contained more medium‐chain fatty acids and less stearic acid than large fat globule TC. These results show that the previously observed differences in total fatty acid composition among differently sized milk fat globules are due to their triglyceride composition and MFGM amount rather than to the composition of the MFGM.     

滑石质日用细瓷的显微结构及性质

叙述了日用滑石瓷结构中的各种物相比例，主晶相类型、粒径大小及其分布状态、性质，个绍了其具有晶体小、结构细微、光学性质相似，具有同质异构体的独特显微结构，探讨了显微结构与生产工艺、各项性能的相互依赖关系。     

逆流双效精馏节能率的模拟研究

以乙醇-水为物系,通过模拟计算,研究进料组成和进料温度对三种逆流双效精馏节能效果的影响.研究结果表明,逆流双效精馏B流程的节能效果最好,当进料中轻重组分的含量相当时,节能率高达49.83%.逆流双效精馏C流程的节能效果次之,逆流双效精馏A流程的节能效果最低,这两种流程最好应用在进料中轻组分含量大于重组分含量的条件下.三种逆流双效精馏流程的节能率均随着进料温度的升高而下降,因此逆流双效精馏最好应用在进料温度小于泡点温度的情况下.     

Configurational statistics of copolymers prepared by complex-radical polymerization

Radical copolymerization is considered theoretically taking into account the effect of complexing on the configurational statistics of macromolecules formed. Akinetic model has been developed that considers, apart from the ordinary addition of single monomer units to a propagating chain, the possible addition of monomer unit pairs along with a complexing agent in the form of a ternary complex. Within the framework of this model, the problem of calculating the probabilities of formation of any sequences of monomer units (taking into account their microtacticity) in a macromolecule has been rigorously solved as well as the problem of finding the composition distribution of the copolymer formed. It has been shown that this distribution is described by a conventional Gauss law and the appropriate parameters are given. Possible generalizations of the suggested approach are indicated.     

多反应体系热力学中的元素组成法(Ⅱ):剩余性质、混合变化性质及超额性质之间的关系

Based on the concept of “element” and the fundamental thermodynamic principle,the relationships of the residual properties,the property changes of mixing,excess properties,fugacity coefficients and activity coefficients between the hypothetical solution of elemental species and the equilibrated solution of actual species were established.The hypothetical solution of elemental species provides a way of reducing the dimensionality of problem, simplifying the analysis and visualizing the phase behavior.     

地下水化学成分的时空变化规律分析

分析了地下水化学成分的时空变化规律,指出气候、地貌和岩性等因素对地下水化学成分分带性有影响,说明了地下水化学成分分带异常的原因;同时也阐明了影响地下水化学的因素在一定的时期内不会有显著改变,地下水化学的演化具有趋势性,否则,地下水演化方向就会变化。     

组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构及表面性质的影响

采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜等测试手段,研究了不同组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构及釉面性状的影响.研究表明:B2O3和P2O5能促进分相形成,并且由于分相具有很小的表面张力而使其液滴易于长大.适量引入CaO能使液滴尺寸增大,体积分数提高,但过量引入会由于析晶而使体积分数降低.控制分相液滴尺寸接近可见光波长以及使釉中析出适量钙钠长石晶体可获得最佳的乳浊效果,而液滴过大或过小都难以获得较佳的乳浊效果.