复合土工膜与防渗墙连接的大型剪切试验研究

围堰工程中常用复合土工膜连接防渗墙作为防渗体系,其连接部位的土工膜常会出现结构性破坏而造成集中渗漏现象。依据高土石围堰防渗体系中复合土工膜的受力特点,利用自主研制的低摩阻叠环式双向静动剪切试验机,考虑土工膜无伸缩节、普通竖向伸缩节和U型槽伸缩节3种连接型式,构建复合土工膜与防渗墙接头的结构模型,开展复合土工膜与防渗墙连接的大型剪切试验,研究不同连接型式下复合土工膜的受力变形机理。结果表明:①无伸缩节、普通竖向伸缩节和U型槽伸缩节3种连接型式下,复合土工膜的应变均随着剪切位移的增大逐渐增大,随着距防渗墙距离的增大逐渐减小;②3种连接型式下模型土体的应力-应变关系变化趋势基本一致,峰值应力变化不大;③无伸缩节连接时,靠近防渗墙位置土工膜的峰值应变为4×10^-3,普通竖向伸缩节连接时,相同位置处土工膜的峰值应变为3.5×10^-3,设置U型槽伸缩节后峰值应变为6.51×10^-4,与前2种连接型式相比,U型槽伸缩节较大程度地降低了土工膜的峰值应变,可以有效解决复合土工膜在防渗墙接头处的应变集中问题。研究成果可为高土石围堰工程防渗体系的设计和施工提供依据。     

元学习研究综述

深度学习在大量领域取得优异成果,但仍然存在着鲁棒性和泛化性较差、难以学习和适应未观测任务、极其依赖大规模数据等问题.近两年元学习在深度学习上的发展,为解决上述问题提供了新的视野.元学习是一种模仿生物利用先前已有的知识,从而快速学习新的未见事物能力的一种学习定式.元学习的目标是利用已学习的信息,快速适应未学习的新任务.这与实现通用人工智能的目标相契合,对元学习问题的研究也是提高模型的鲁棒性和泛化性的关键.近年来随着深度学习的发展,元学习再度成为热点,目前元学习的研究百家争鸣、百花齐放.本文从元学习的起源出发,系统地介绍元学习的发展历史,包括元学习的由来和原始定义,然后给出当前元学习的通用定义,同时总结当前元学习一些不同方向的研究成果,包括基于度量的元学习方法、基于强泛化新的初始化参数的元学习方法、基于梯度优化器的元学习方法、基于外部记忆单元的元学方法、基于数据增强的元学方法等.总结其共有的思想和存在的问题,对元学习的研究思想进行分类,并叙述不同方法和其相应的算法.最后论述了元学习研究中常用数据集和评判标准,并从元学习的自适应性、进化性、可解释性、连续性、可扩展性展望其未来发展趋势.     

Hybrid function projective synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertain time-varying parameters via Fourier series expansion

In this paper, the hybrid function projective synchronization (HFPS) of different chaotic systems with uncertain periodically time-varying parameters is carried out by Fourier series expansion and adaptive bounding technique. Fourier series expansion is used to deal with uncertain periodically time-varying parameters. Adaptive bounding technique is used to compensate the bound of truncation errors. Using the Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive control law and six parameter updating laws are constructed to make the states of two different chaotic systems asymptotically synchronized. The control strategy does not need to know the parameters thoroughly if the time-varying parameters are periodical functions. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the HFPS between Lorenz system and Chen system is completed successfully by using this scheme.     

Electrical conductivity,self-diffusion,and volume expansion of alkali halides at the melting point

In an earlier paper, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was invoked at the melting point T _m of crystalline solids to provide fundamental justification for Lindemann's melting law and to compute diffusion coefficients of several alkali halides. The uncertainty principle defines breakdown of Debye zone boundary (ZB) phonons as valid collective excitations when phonon energies and line widths due to anharmonicity become comparable at T _m. Upon breakdown, random, high-frequency single-particle motion or partial decoupling of crystal ions sets in. Lifetimes of these single-particle ZB motions are determined from the minimum-uncertainty product inequality by assuming that it becomes an equality at T _m for ZB phonons. The present paper addresses improved formulation of that work and extended application to ionic electrical conductivities of 18 molten alkali halides at T _m. It is shown that use of the Debye model produces an approximate lower bound to the mean free time, not the unconstrained direct estimate previouslu implied. This feature is generally reflected in results for ionic conductivities and alkali halide diffusion coefficients for which comparison experimental data were found. However, in spite of this lower-bound formulation and the simple nature of the computation, the results compare favorably with experiment. A model of random single-particle harmonic motion superimposed on the lower-frequency collective motion is proposed to account for volume expansion accompanying the partial decoupling for hard-sphere ions. Experimental comparisons for 15 alkali halides show the decoupling volume change to account largely for the total volume change of melting (in the hard-sphere approximation), yielding a closer agreement with experiment than recent calculations aimed explicitly at the total volume change.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

Thermal expansion of molybdenum in the range 1500–2800 K by a transient interferometric technique

The linear thermal expansion of molybdenum has been measured in the temperature range 1500–2800 K by means of a transient (subsecond) interferometric technique. The molybdenum selected for these measurements was the Standard Reference Material SRM 781 (a high-temperature enthalpy and heat capacity standard). The results are expressed by the relation where T is in K and l ₀ is the specimen length at 20°C. The maximum error in the reported values of thermal expansion is estimated to be about 1% at 2000 K and not more than 2% at 2800 K.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Thermal expansion of Pyros from 20 to 1273 K

Pyros, which is a Ni-base alloy (82% Ni, 8% Cr, 4% W, 3% Mn, and 3% Fe), has been used extensively in France since 1926 as a temperature sensor and as a reference material for thermal expansion measurements. In this paper we present recent data on the expansion and expansivity of Pyros from 20 to 1273 K. Expansivity results, obtained by taking the derivative of a cubic-spline polynomial fitting performed to the L/L experimental data, show that Pyros is a stable material in the 20 to 1273 K temperature range. Furthermore, since the expansivity values are similar to those of steels, Pyros should be of special interest to laboratories which are concerned with expansion measurements on steels. Therefore, we suggest that Pyros be considered as a suitable reference material for thermal expansion measurements on steels, and until more accurate results are obtained, we propose our results as reference data between 20 and 1273 K.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

热流道注射模热流道板的设计

介绍了避免或减小热流道模具中热流道板加热后膨胀导致喷嘴的中心线产生的偏移的几种补偿结构,列举了3种热流道板加热功率的计算方法,可为热流道模具的设计提供参考。     

逆向工程中带孔洞的曲面对象三角剖分法研究

在分析现有的一些三角剖分方法的基础上，提出一种新的基于边界扩展的3D三角剖分方法，该方法首先采用一种空间栅格装点法来进行初始点云数据精简；再构造种子三角形，通过连接已剖分网格区域的边界边与最优扩展点来形成三角形网格从而向外扩展。该法可以对带有内孔等其他非凸壳的复杂曲面对象点云直接进行三角剖分，无需人工分区。实际应用表明采用该法可以快速、有效地从三维数据点集建立几何模型。     

基于VGLESO和滑模理论的直流配电网母线电压控制策略

针对直流配电网母线电压稳定性问题,设计了一种变增益线性扩张状态观测器(variable gain linear extended state observer,VGLESO),有效地解决了传统高增益线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state observer extended state observer,LESO)在运行初始阶段输出存在峰值的问题。在此基础上进一步提出了一种变增益滑模自抗扰控制策略,将其应用到直流配电网AC-DC双向变流器控制系统中的电压外环。变增益滑模自抗扰控制策略在不需要增加额外电流传感器的情况下,就能够实现对系统总扰动的快速跟踪和补偿,有效地抑制了母线电压波动,提高了系统的动态响应。从理论上证明了VGLESO和变增益滑模自抗扰控制策略的稳定性。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink验证了该控制策略的可行性与正确性。     

微型涡喷发动机燃烧室全覆盖气膜冷却

为了延长微型涡喷发动机燃烧室的使用寿命,针对燃烧室壁面高温区进行全覆盖气膜冷却研究. 在KJ-66微型涡喷发动机试车实验的基础上,比较实际燃烧工况下,排布方式和燃烧室外环的扩张孔对气膜冷却效果及燃烧室整体性能的影响. 结果表明,在实际微型涡喷发动机模型中,顺排的平均综合冷却效率低于叉排,但对壁面的综合降温效果优于叉排. 随着扩张孔出口直径的增大,气膜冷却效果逐渐改善,但会影响燃烧室出口温度分布的均匀性. 由于燃烧室后排冷却孔的影响,二次流射入主流会发生偏转,提升了气膜的冷却效果. 整体而言,全覆盖气膜冷却在实际燃烧工况下对燃烧室壁面有着很好的冷却作用,扩张型气膜孔能够有效改善燃烧室外环的气膜冷却效果.