A model for simulating the performance and irrigation of green stormwater facilities at residential scales in semiarid and Mediterranean regions

Impervious areas change hydrological processes, reducing infiltration and evapotranspiration, and increasing direct runoff. Stormwater practices using green infrastructure are implemented locally to control runoff and preserve the hydrological cycle. Applying these techniques in semiarid and Mediterranean regions requires accounting for aspects related to the maintenance of green areas. This study develops the Integrated Hydrological Model at Residential Scale, a continuous model for representing the performance and irrigation of green stormwater facilities at residential scales. Among other relevant process, the model simulates evaporation from bare soil and redistribution between soil layers. Different components of the model were tested using laboratory and numerical experiments, and then an application to a case study and a sensitivity analysis were carried out. The model identifies significant differences in the performance of a rain garden with different vegetation, climate and irrigation practices and provides good insight for the maintenance needs of green infrastructure for runoff control.     

An overview of the model integration process: From pre-integration assessment to testing

Integration of models requires linking models which can be developed using different tools, methodologies, and assumptions. We performed a literature review with the aim of improving our understanding of model integration process, and also presenting better strategies for building integrated modeling systems. We identified five different phases to characterize integration process: pre-integration assessment, preparation of models for integration, orchestration of models during simulation, data interoperability, and testing. Commonly, there is little reuse of existing frameworks beyond the development teams and not much sharing of science components across frameworks. We believe this must change to enable researchers and assessors to form complex workflows that leverage the current environmental science available. In this paper, we characterize the model integration process and compare integration practices of different groups. We highlight key strategies, features, standards, and practices that can be employed by developers to increase reuse and interoperability of science software components and systems.     

On The Modeling of Twin Rotor MIMO System Using Chirp Inputs as Test Signals

This paper addresses the modeling problem for the twin rotor multi input multi output system. To develop experimental data, this popular commercial laboratory model of a helicopter from Feedback Instruments Ltd is excited with band limited chirp inputs. The conclusions drawn in this paper lead to four significant achievements: 1) derivation of a linear nominal model for Twin Rotor MIMO System, TRMS in short, from its equivalent nonlinear mathematical representation; 2) dynamic modeling of TRMS; 3) determination of non‐minimum phase dynamics; and 4) determination of linear operating region. The work considers systematic study of the system dynamics of TRMS and analytical treatment of its identified data leading to derivation of the RHP zero dynamics followed by pictorial illustrations indicating resonant modes associated with the plant. The method used in the present paper can be essentially used in modeling of 2 × 2 plants exhibiting non‐minimum phase dynamics and model uncertainties.     

Bayesian zero-order TSK fuzzy system modeling

Different from the existing TSK fuzzy system modeling methods, a novel zero-order TSK fuzzy modeling method called Bayesian zero-order TSK fuzzy system (B-ZTSK-FS) is proposed from the perspective of Bayesian inference in this paper. The proposed method B-ZTSK-FS constructs zero-order TSK fuzzy system by using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework to maximize the corresponding posteriori probability. First, a joint likelihood model about zero-order TSK fuzzy system is defined to derive a new objective function which can assure that both antecedents and consequents of fuzzy rules rather than only their antecedents of the most existing TSK fuzzy systems become interpretable. The defined likelihood model is composed of three aspects: clustering on the training set for antecedents of fuzzy rules, the least squares (LS) error for consequent parameters of fuzzy rules, and a Dirichlet prior distribution for fuzzy cluster memberships which is considered to not only automatically match the “sum-to-one” constraints on fuzzy cluster memberships, but also make the proposed method B-ZTSK-FS scalable for large-scale datasets by appropriately setting the Dirichlet index. This likelihood model indeed indicates that antecedent and consequent parameters of fuzzy rules can be linguistically interpreted and simultaneously optimized by the proposed method B-ZTSK-FS which is based on the MAP framework with the iterative sampling algorithm, which in fact implies that fuzziness and probability can co-jointly work for TSK fuzzy system modeling in a collaborative rather than repulsive way. Finally, experimental results on 28 synthetic and real-world datasets are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method B-ZTSK-FS in the sense of approximation accuracy, interpretability and scalability.     

分区域变尺度网格的社区火灾场景数值仿真

目的 火灾场景数值仿真对消防救援和应急疏散具有重要意义。火灾场景仿真需要对室内外地物及环境进行精细建模和大量数值计算,而传统地图和空间分析无法满足日趋复杂的建筑物消防场景表达。为此本文基于室内外地图研究基础,构建面向社区安全的火灾场景数值仿真模型。方法 通过传统制图技术建立社区地物分布模型,利用室内制图技术建立建筑物内部场景,利用3维建模技术重建社区室内外3维模型,引入火灾数值模拟方程进行仿真计算。根据社区建筑物分布和其内部结构复杂程度的差异,提出分区域变尺度的网格划分方法,以提高计算效率。结果 通过对红树湾社区进行"精细"、"粗糙"和"分区域变尺度"3种不同方法的仿真实验,分析火灾模型的计算速度、温度场及烟气扩散情况。与精细网格方法相比,分区域变尺度方法和粗糙网格方法的计算速度是其8倍和24倍,烟气最低能见度误差为2 m和13.5 m,分区域变尺度方法相较于粗糙网格方法与精细网格方法的温度变化曲线更加吻合。分区域变尺度方法的模拟精度更接近于精细网格方法,同时效率得到提升。结论 本文提出的火灾场景仿真模型将室内制图应用扩展到社区消防研究,实验结果表明,所提出的分区域变尺度网格划分方法能够在保证数值模拟精度的前提下提高仿真效率,具有重要的应用价值。     

面向与历史无关造型的三维约束模型构建方法

由于与历史无关的造型系统中约束模型多处于欠约束状态,使求解结果往往不能很好地符合设计意图,为此提出一种基于虚几何元素的约束模型构建方法.该方法根据输入约束的方向特性创建虚几何元素,并将这些约束转换为实体几何元素、虚几何元素间的结构约束和尺寸约束,从而构建基本约束模型;在此基础上,通过几何元素的剩余自由度分析增补相应的几何约束,使约束模型更完备,求解结果更合理.文中方法已在原型系统InteModel中实现,并通过实例验证了其正确性和有效性.     

基于Netgen的层状地质体四面体网格划分方法

为解决三维地质建模中难以表达层状地质体内部属性的问题,将有限元网格划分方法应用于层状地质体建模中,研究基于Netgen进行层状地质体四面体网格划分的方法.以地质钻探数据为数据源,按照钻孔数据分层构建三维表面模型,用三角面片的集合构成封闭的包围壳来描述层状地质体的外部形状;结合Netgen强大的几何自适应和细部划分控制功能,用四面体网格划分方法对形成的三维表面模型进行空间区域划分,从而实现对复杂形状的层状地质体三维模型构建,并分析Netgen的输入、输出数据结构和地质钻探数据到STL格式的三维模型数据、STL格式数据到Netgen网格划分结果数据的生成过程.某矿区多个岩层的模型构建证明该方法稳定、可靠且有效.     

基于Python的Abaqus二次开发在层压板修理模拟中的应用

为加快复合材料层压板单面贴补参数设计的效率,利用基于Python的Abaqus二次开发技术,开发针对复合材料层压板单面贴补修理的快速建模及后处理程序.结果表明,程序能够通过输入单面贴补设计参数便捷地创建模型,并且计算结束后能通过快速后处理程序自动提取所需的数据和信息.该程序能够针对单面贴补修理母板的长度、宽度、单层厚度、层数和铺层顺序,补片的层数、直径和铺层顺序,以及复合材料单向预浸料和胶膜的性能等参数进行设计分析.用该程序计算得到的易破坏位置和破坏模式与试验结果的误差小于10%,证明该程序可行.     

基于可靠性的机动雷达升降机构优化设计

可靠性设计与优化设计在机械设计领域产生巨大的作用,但单方面进行可靠性设计或优化设计,都无法发挥各自的全部潜力.针对这一问题,将二者进行有机结合,开展机械产品的可靠性优化设计成为必然.案例中,以某型机动雷达的升降机构为研究对象,基于Adams对其进行参数化建模,在此基础上,对其开展可靠性优化设计.通过与传统优化设计的对比分析,显示该方法的优越性.     

基于Patran二次开发的飞机尾翼有限元建模方法

分析几种有限元建模的方法和平台的优缺点,用Patran的PCL通过增设特定的命令和窗体等开发飞机尾翼建模模块,并集成材料特性模块,形成一套由总体布局的几何信息直接生成,可进行应力分析的有限元建模系统.