PAN纤维共聚单体作用机理的光电离质谱研究

本工作以丙烯腈/衣康酸（IA）二元共聚原丝以及丙烯腈/IA/丙烯酸甲酯（MA）三元共聚原丝为研究对象，利用热重分析仪（TG）和热解-同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱（Py-SVUV-PIMS）对其热稳定化过程进行研究。TG结果表明，氮气气氛下，二元共聚原丝（PAN/IA）和三元共聚原丝（PAN/IA/MA）分别呈现三阶段和两阶段的热分解过程，其中PAN/IA的第一和第二阶段均对应PAN线型分子链的断裂，但前者是由自由基环化反应放热引发的，后者则是由正常温度下的热分解所致，而单体MA的加入显著抑制了自由基环化反应，使得PAN原丝的热稳定化能够以单体IA诱导的离子型环化反应为主较平缓地进行，相应的热失重过程也由两阶段转变为了单阶段。Py-SVUV-MS的实验结果表明，两种共聚PAN原丝在程序升温过程中会生成包括含氮小分子、丙烯腈单体及低聚物、成环化合物在内的三类主要热解产物，对比各类产物的生成趋势和产量，推断单体MA通过降低PAN结构的规整度，使其无定形化，从而增加环化反应的引发点，促进PAN原丝向稳定的预氧丝转变，同时由典型热解产物——甲基丙烯腈的生成路径可知，MA本身并不参与PAN大分子的环化反应，属于中性共聚单体。空气气氛下，CO₂的产量差异也间接证明了MA单体能够有效提升PAN纤维的固碳能力，采用三元共聚方法制得的PAN纤维热稳定性能更佳。     

基于双转子连续混炼挤出机的PPS/CF复合材料制备及性能研究

采用双转子连续混炼挤出机并通过熔融共混法制备了碳纤维(CF)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合材料，并对其微观形貌、动态力学性能、力学性能和导电性能进行了研究，且对相关的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明，适当降低挤出机转子转速、提高CF含量可以改善PPS/CF复合材料的力学性能和导电性能；当转子转速为200r/min时，采用含量为20 % (质量分数，下同)的CF制得的PPS/CF复合材料的冲击强度达到49.94 J/m，体积电阻率达到60.65 Ω·cm，均优于纯PPS。     

Temperature cycling and its effect on mechanical behaviours of highporosity chalks

Temperature history can have a significant effect on the strength of water-saturated chalk.In this study,hydrostatic stress cycles are applied to understand the mechanical response of chalk samples exposed to temperature cycling between each stress cycle,compared to the samples tested at a constant temperature.The total accumulated strain during a stress cycle and the irreversible strain are reported.Chalk samples from Kansas(USA)and Mons(Belgium),with different degrees of induration(i.e.amount of contact cementation),were used.The samples were saturated with equilibrated water(polar)and nonpolar Isopar H oil to quantify water weakening.All samples tested during 10 stress cycles with varying temperature(i.e.temperature cycled in between each stress cycle)accumulated more strain than those tested at constant temperatures.All the stress cycles were performed at 30℃.The two chalk types behaved similarly when saturated with Isopar H oil,but differently when saturated with water.When saturated with water,the stronger Kansas chalk accumulated more total strain and more irreversible strain within each stress cycle than the weaker Mons chalk.     

亲水性PET共混材料的制备及性能研究

以机械共混法制备亲水性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）共混材料，并通过接触角测定仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和电子万能材料试验机等对共混材料的亲水性能、热性能和力学性能等进行研究与分析。结果表明，亲水处理剂聚乙二醇（PEG）、聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）均能改善PET的亲水性能，影响PET的结晶性能，但亲水处理剂对PET的力学性能影响较小，其中PET/PEG共混材料的亲水性最优；随着PEG含量的增加，PET/PEG共混材料的亲水性先逐渐增强，当PEG含量高于5 %后，共混材料的亲水性变化很小；且PET的结晶度随着PEG的加入呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

基于热负荷自动调节的延迟焦化加热炉三点注汽量智能优化

针对国内某炼油厂延迟焦化加热炉三点注汽问题，采用热负荷自动调节的算法进行了研究。运用该模型方法，分析了三点注汽量对加热炉热负荷和炉管结焦系数的影响，发现三点注汽量的改变均会对热负荷和炉管结焦系数产生影响，主要表现为提高注汽量将会提高热负荷，同时降低结焦系数；第1点注汽量和第2点注汽量对热负荷和结焦系数的影响较强，第3点注汽量对热负荷和结焦系数的影响较弱。在实际操作中，加热炉中的结焦程度既不能太强也不能太弱，合适的结焦系数能够保证正常开工周期里炉管不结焦，也能保证瓦斯、注汽量等参数的合理分配。通过对热负荷、注汽量的智能分配，可得到不同原料油加工负荷条件下更加合理的装置运行方案。     

Suitability,efficiency and microbiological safety of novel physical technologies for the processing of ready‐to‐eat meals,meats and pumpable products

Consumer studies and market reports show an increase in consumption of ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods. Although conventional processing technologies can in most cases produce safe products, they can also lead to the degradation of nutritional compounds and negatively affect quality characteristics. Consumers strongly prefer food that is minimally processed with the maximum amount of health‐promoting substances. Novel processing technologies as pre‐ or post‐treatment decontamination methods or as substitutes of conventional technologies have the potential to produce foods that are safe, rich in nutrient content and with superior organoleptic properties. Combining novel with conventional processes can eliminate potential drawbacks of novel technologies. This review examines available scientific information and critically evaluates the suitability and efficiency of various novel thermal and nonthermal technologies in terms of microbial safety, quality as well as nutrient content on the production of RTE meals, meats and pumpable products.     

Study of Compatibilized Liquid Crystalline Polymer/Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Blends

The technology to produce compatibilized blends of liquid crystalline polymer and highly amorphous cyclic olefin copolymers through two novel approaches were studied. The first approach was to use silane-functionalized halloysite nanotube as nonspecific compatibilizer and the second method was reactive compatibilization. The study of blends and their resulting microstructure; their thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties were investigated. The kinetic study of blends compatibilized through both routes was performed.     

Comparative studies on thermal and toughness properties of polybenzoxazine composites with two functionalized graphene oxides

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by polyether amine (PEA) via two methods which were one-pot modification in acetone (GON) and two steps with the intermediate product of GOCO-Cl generated (GONS). There were more PEA successfully grafted onto GO for GONS than GON. The onset polymerization temperatures of the benzoxazine (Bz) composites decreased by the inclusion of 1?wt% of GO, GON or GONS. Thermal stability of the polybenzoxazine (PBz) composites was significantly improved indicated from the increase of weight loss temperature. T₁₀, T₂₀ and T₅₀ values of the composites with GONS were higher than that of the others. Toughness of PBzs may be enhanced by the incorporation of nanofillers, and GONS had stronger interfacial interaction with PBz matrix than GON.     

某轻型载货车储气罐支架振动断裂分析与优化

为了有效解决某轻型载货车储气罐支架的断裂故障,首先基于建立的储气罐支架有限元模型进行振动特性分析,分析结果表明其前三阶固有频率接均处于发动机激励频率范围之外,不会产生共振。其次测试各种道路的时域载荷,测试结果表明其中角度搓板路的激励频率与储气罐支架第一阶固有频率相接近,从而引起共振,不满足振动特性要求。然后对其进行振动强度分析,分析结果表明其应力水平不达标,其最大应力点与开裂处一致。再对其进行振动疲劳寿命预测分析,分析结果表明其疲劳寿命也不达标,其危险点也与失效位置相同。再采用集成平台对储气罐支架的结构进行优化设计,优化之后其模态频率、振动强度和振动疲劳均符合性能要求,并且其重量也有所减轻,总体优化效果较佳。最后整车试验结果表明优化之后储气罐支架的振动大幅度降低,并且没有发生失效。     

Enhanced ionic conductivity and thermal shock resistance of MgO stabilized ZrO2 doped with Y2O3

The present work focused on the effect of Y₂O₃ co-doping on the phase composition, microstructure, ionic conductivity and thermal shock resistance of 8 mol% MgO stabilized ZrO₂ (Mg-PSZ) electrolyte ceramics for high temperature applications. The addition of Y₂O₃ could promote the process of monoclinic-to-cubic/tetragonal phase transformation and became the metastable phase at room temperature. Meanwhile, the grain size of Mg-PSZ decreased. It was demonstrated that an appreciable increase in the ionic conductivity and compressive strength occurred on substituting MgO with Y₂O₃ in the Mg-PSZ electrolyte ceramics across the measured temperature range. Moreover, the Y₂O₃ addition could restrain the adverse effect of the cyclic thermal shock on the ionic conductivity and compressive strength of Mg-PSZ. The main reason was that the increase of the amount of monoclinic phase caused by cubic/tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation by the cyclic thermal shock was restrained after the Y₂O₃ addition.