“Size effect” in the fatigue behavior of Friction Stir Welded plates

Comparative fatigue tests were carried out on Friction Stir Welded specimens of a 2195-T8 aluminum–lithium alloy that differed significantly in width. The width of the larger specimens was over thirteen times greater than that of the small specimens. Fatigue results showed a clear “size effect”, i.e. fatigue life of large specimens was about 40% of the corresponding value of small specimens. The Equivalent Initial Flaw Size methodology was adopted to correlate the two sets of results. Fatigue crack initiation life was disregarded with respect to crack propagation life, and fatigue life was evaluated only as propagation of a small pre-existing defect. Following this methodology, test results of small specimens were used to evaluate the initial equivalent flaw contained in each specimen. It was assumed that this data followed a normal distribution. The equivalent initial flaw in larger specimens was evaluated by simple geometrical considerations. A very good assessment of mean fatigue life and scatter in the fatigue results of large specimens was obtained by simulating the propagation of these defects. Calculations were carried out by taking also welding residual stresses into account, but the results demonstrated that this effect was not significant.     

防止输送带打滑的新方法

针对目前输送带打滑的问题,通过对输送带打滑原理的分析,要想解决输送带的打滑,就需要动态调整输送带的张力。基于此设计了一种短距离输送机的输送带自动张紧装置,该装置通过2个电液推杆来张紧输送带,并给出了具体的自动控制策略,能很好地解决输送带打滑问题。     

基于注意力机制与文本信息的用户关系抽取

随着社交媒体的发展,用户之间的关系网络对于社交媒体的分析有很大的帮助。因此,该文主要研究用户好友关系检测。以往的关于用户好友关系抽取的研究主要基于社交媒体上的结构化信息,比如其他好友关系,用户的不同属性等。但是,很多时候用户本身并没有大量的好友信息存在,同时也不一定有很多确定的属性。因此,我们希望基于用户发表的文本信息来对用户关系进行预测。不同于以往的潜在好友推荐算法,该文提出了一种基于注意力机制以及长短时记忆网络(long short-term memory,LSTM)的好友关系预测模型,将好友之间的评论分开处理,通过分析用户之间的评论来判断是否具备一定的好友关系。该模型将好友双方信息拼接后的结果作为输入,并将注意力机制应用于LSTM的输出。实验表明,用户之间的评论对于好友关系预测确实有较大的实际意义,该文提出的模型较之于多个基准系统的效果,取得了明显的提升。在不加入任何其它非文本特征的情况下,实验结果的准确率达到了77%。     

Facile construction of composition-tuned ruthenium-nickel nanoparticles on g-C3N4 for enhanced hydrolysis of ammonia borane without base additives

Developing high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts for hydrogen evolution from hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) is significant and critical for the exploitation and utilization of hydrogen energy. Herein, the in-situ fabrication of well-dispersed and small bimetallic RuNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with tuned compositions and concomitant hydrolysis of AB are successfully achieved by using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) as a NP support without additional stabilizing ligands. The optimized Ru₁Ni_7.5/g-C₃N₄ catalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity with a high turnover frequency of 901 min^?1 and an activation energy of 28.46 kJ mol^?1 without any base additives, overtaking the activities of many previously reported catalysts for AB hydrolysis. The kinetic studies indicate that the AB hydrolysis over Ru₁Ni_7.5/g-C₃N₄ is first-order and zero-order reactions with respect to the catalyst and AB concentrations, respectively. Ru₁Ni_7.5/g-C₃N₄ has a good recyclability with 46% of the initial catalytic activity retained even after five runs. The high performance of Ru₁Ni_7.5/g-C₃N₄ should be assigned to the small-sized alloy NPs with abundant accessible active sites and the synergistic effect between the composition-tuned Ru–Ni bimetals. This work highlights a potentially powerful and simple strategy for preparing highly active bimetallic alloy catalysts for AB hydrolysis to generate hydrogen.     

Combination of vegetable soup and glucan demonstrates synergistic effects on macrophage-mediated immune responses

Vegetable soup (VS), a plant-based functional food, has been used as a traditional folk medicine and is attracting attention for its ability to enhance the immune response. β-Glucan, a well-established and effective immunomodulator, has synergistic effects when used in combination with some bioactive compounds. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic immunomodulatory effects of the combination of VS and β-glucan on macrophage-mediated immune responses. β-Glucan was demonstrated to synergistically enhance the VS-stimulated immune response, including the production of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide, mainly through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in macrophages. In addition, this combination has the potential for further development in functional foods with immune-enhancing activity.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00888-x.     

微裂隙中水泥浆液渗滤效应的可视化试验研究

在微裂隙岩体注浆过程中,水泥浆液的渗滤效应对注浆效果的影响显著。自主研制了一套微裂隙注浆可视化试验系统,该系统由注浆系统、微裂隙模型以及监测系统3个部分组成,监测系统又分为显微监测系统和压力流量监测系统。当水泥浆液进入微裂隙模型后,利用显微监测系统对裂隙入口处的渗滤效应进行实时观测。利用压力流量监测系统对注浆试验过程中的注浆压力以及累计流量进行自动记录。运用自主设计的微裂隙注浆可视化试验系统,对微裂隙中的水泥浆液渗滤过程进行试验研究。采用3种水泥浆材(超细水泥Ⅰ、超细水泥Ⅱ和普通水泥),研究在注浆压力2.0 MPa、水灰比1.0的条件下,不同水泥颗粒粒径大小在不同裂隙开度下的浆液渗滤效应。通过试验发现,当裂隙开度较小时,在裂隙入口处形成了完整的半圆拱形滤饼;随着裂隙开度的增加,在裂隙入口处形成断续分布状滤饼;当裂隙开度增加到无渗滤发生时,裂隙入口处仅残留少量水泥颗粒附着物。通过试验获得了3种水泥的最小可注入裂隙开度大小b min和最小无渗滤裂隙开度大小b crit:超细水泥Ⅰ的b min和b crit分别为80和280μm;超细水泥Ⅱ的b min和b crit分别为100和300μm;普通水泥的b min和b crit分别为140和310μm。研究结果发现水泥粒径的减小对最小可注入裂隙开度大小的影响较大,但对最小无渗滤裂隙开度大小的影响较小。结合渗滤趋势k值,发现随着水泥粒径的减小,相应的k min和k crit值会随之增加,水泥浆液更容易在裂隙入口处发生渗滤,这是因为超细水泥比表面积更大,水泥颗粒间易发生团聚。     

Mechanism of methanol decomposition on the Pd/WC(0001) surface unveiled by first-principles calculations

In this study, the decomposition of methanol into the CO and H species on the Pd/tungsten carbide (WC)(0001) surface is systematically investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The possible reaction pathways and intermediates are determined. The results reveal that saturated molecules, i.e., methanol and formaldehyde, adsorb weakly on the Pd/ WC(0001) surface. Both CO and H prefer three-fold sites, with adsorption energies of −1.51 and −2.67 eV, respectively. On the other hand, CH₃O stably binds at three-fold and bridge sites, with an adsorption energy of −2.58 eV. However, most of the other intermediates tend to adsorb to the surface with the carbon and oxygen atoms in their sp³ and hydroxyl-like configurations, respectively. Hence, the C atom of CH₂OH preferentially attaches to the top sites, CHOH and CH₂O adsorb at the bridge sites, while COH and CHO occupy the three-fold sites. The DFT calculations indicate that the rupture of the initial C–H bond promotes the decomposition of CH₃OH and CH₂OH, whereas in the case of CHOH, O–H bond scission is favored over the C–H bond rupture. Thus, the most probable methanol decomposition pathway on the Pd/WC(0001) surface is CH₃OH → CH₂OH → trans-CHOH → CHO → CO. The present study demonstrates that the synergistic effect of WC (as carrier) and Pd (as catalyst) alters the CH₃OH decomposition pathway and reduces the noble metal utilization.     

氧气底吹熔炼氧枪浅析

系统地论述了氧气底吹熔炼氧枪的结构、工作原理、设计计算方法、材质及蚀损机理．指出了延长氧枪使用寿命的措施。     

多裂纹混凝土等效断裂模型研究

根据混凝土材料断裂过程区存在尺寸效应这一特点,结合混凝土断裂韧度的尺寸效应规律,对混凝土有效裂缝扩展量进行了研究,得到反映尺寸效应规律的有效裂缝扩展量表达式,进而得到与试件尺寸相关的混凝土多裂纹等效断裂模型,使得多裂纹等效断裂模型更符合断裂过程区的尺寸效应规律。同时,通过与在实际工程中已用的其他模型的计算结果相比较,得出此模型比较可靠的结论。     

重力坝模型的尺寸效应

利用两个不同比尺预制缝重力坝模型的试验成果，以有限元富集技术进行非线性断裂分析，建立了极限承载力和长度比尺的确定性尺寸效应公式。混凝土重力坝的断裂尺寸效应满足指数衰减关系，用三次指数衰减公式可以准确地预测原型的极限承载力。断裂过程区的相对长度是引起模型试验尺寸效应的主要原因。数值计算结果表明，断裂过程区相对长度不仅是与材料有关的参数，能否充分发展还取决于结构尺寸和几何形状；断裂过程区相对长度的尺寸效应不同于统计尺寸效应和断裂参数尺寸效应，具有尺寸范围效应。断裂过程区相对长度在小试件、大试件和相对无穷大试件的发展程度不同。