激励机制视域下高校师资队伍学历教育工作的创新与实践——以燕山大学师资培训工作为例

目前,很多高校普遍存在师资队伍学历偏低的问题,亟需通过学历继续教育提高现有师资的学历层次,本文设计了基于期望理论的高校教师学历继续教育激励效应模型,结合河北省燕山大学的各种激励实践经验,提出加强高校师资队伍学历继续教育的几个重要着手点。     

Wright–Fisher multi-strategy trust evolution model with white noise for Internetware

A trust evolution model plays an important role in ensuring and predicting the behaviors of entities in Internetware system. Most of the current trust evolution models almost adopt expertise or average weight method to calculate entities’ trust incomes, and focus on two strategies (‘full trust’, ‘full distrust’) to analyze trust behaviors. In addition, the researches on dynamics evolution models fail to consider the factor of noise, and cannot effectively prevent free-riding phenomenon. In this paper, a trust measurement based on Quality of Service (QoS) and fuzzy theory by considering timeliness of history data is proposed to improve the accuracy of trust measurement results. Furthermore, a trust evolution model based on Wright–Fisher and the evolutionary game theory is proposed. This model considers multi-strategy and noise problems to improve the accuracy of prediction and adaptability of model in complex networks. Meanwhile, in order to solve the free-riding problem, and improve the trust degree of a system, an incentive mechanism is established based on evolutionary game theory to inspire entities to select trust strategies. The simulation results show that this model has good adaptability and accuracy. In addition, this model can effectively improve network efficiency, and make trust income reach an optimal value, so as to improve trust degree of a system.     

Project alliance contract in The Netherlands

A new form of contractual agreement and way of working adapted from other industries, the ‘project alliance’, was researched, developed and is undergoing demonstration to reduce the length of construction time and construction costs. This is achieved through contractor involvement at an early stage of the design process, project participants paid on a net cost basis with participants jointly sharing in the financial success or failure of the project at completion, and the creation of a contractual partnership between all parties.

Cet article porte sur des recherches faites sur une nouvelle forme d'accord contractuel et sur une méthode de travail issue d'autres industries; cette étude intitulée «project alliance» a été affinée et est en cours de démonstration, l'objectif étant de raccourcir la durée des travaux de construction et d'en réduire les coûts. Ces réductions sont possibles, d'une part, grâce à l'implication du contractant au début du processus de conception, les participants au projet étant payés sur la base du coût net et étant solidaires, sur le plan financier, de la réussite ou de l'échec du projet au moment de l'achèvement et, d'autre part, grâce la création d'un partenariat contractuel entre toutes les parties concernées.     

The regulatory experience of Italy and the United States with dedicated incentives for strategic electricity transmission investment

There is a trend in regulatory practice towards providing dedicated incentives for strategic investments. Italy and the United States have the longest experience with authorizing returns and risk-mitigating incentives that deviate from standard regulatory treatment for policy purposes. In these countries, the regulatory incentives are based on a case-by-case assessment of capital projects. We find that the Italian scheme is simpler, which reduces administrative costs. The U.S. scheme is more advanced in the case-by-case assessment. Even though dedicated incentives may be controversial, our analysis of both experiences shows that, notwithstanding significant learning costs, both schemes have facilitated substantial financial investment in strategically important infrastructure.     

宽带薪酬在国有企业中的应用

以某国有企业为例,对公司实行宽带薪酬适用性的设计,力求在薪酬的创新实践中,培养和吸引人才,发挥薪酬的杠杆作用,保持企业人力资源的核心竞争力,为企业的发展提供支持。     

China is moving away the pattern of “develop first and then treat the pollution”

Confronted with the rising costs of environmental degradation associated with rapid economic growth, the top Chinese leaders have gradually recognized that the conventional path of encouraging economic growth at the expense of the environment had to be changed. In order to avoid the situation that its rampant environmental pollution problem will only worsen before it gets better, China's environmental regulatory agency is trying to change the incentive structure and establish an institution for fundamentally ensuring local officials to be more environmentally responsible for their decision making.     

一种面向电能量数据的联邦学习可靠性激励机制

联邦学习解决了数据安全日益受到重视条件下的数据互用难题,但是传统联邦学习缺少鼓励和吸引数据拥有方参与到联邦学习中的激励机制,联邦学习审核机制的缺失给恶意节点进行破坏攻击提供了可能性.针对这个问题,文中提出基于区块链技术的面向电能量数据的可靠的联邦学习激励机制.该方法从对数据参与方的训练参与进行奖励和对数据参与方的数据可...     

An efficient incentive scheme with a distributed authority infrastructure in peer-to-peer networks

Today’s peer-to-peer networks are designed based on the assumption that the participating nodes are cooperative, which does not hold in reality. Incentive mechanisms that promote cooperation must be introduced. However, the existing incentive schemes (using either reputation or virtual currency) suffer from various attacks based on false reports. Even worse, a colluding group of malicious nodes in a peer-to-peer network can manipulate the history information of its own members, and the damaging power increases dramatically with the group size. Such malicious nodes/collusions are difficult to detect, especially in a large network without a centralized authority. In this paper, we propose a new distributed incentive scheme, in which the amount that a node can benefit from the network is proportional to its contribution, malicious nodes can only attack others at the cost of their own interests, and a colluding group cannot gain advantage by cooperation regardless of its size. Consequently, the damaging power of colluding groups is strictly limited. The proposed scheme includes three major components: a distributed authority infrastructure, a key sharing protocol, and a contract verification protocol.     

基于信任的P2P拓扑进化机制

现有的非结构Peer-to-Peer(P2P)系统缺乏对拓扑公平性的考虑,并且不能对某些节点的恶意行为进行有效的抑制。其主要原因在于构造的拓扑对节点信任度的不敏感性,忽略了P2P网络中各节点的异构性。据此,首先给出了基于反馈可信度的节点全局信任度计算模型,然后在此基础上提出了一种针对非结构化P2P网络的自适应拓扑进化机制。利用该机制,可使高可信节点占据拓扑的有利位置,低可信节点处于不利位置,从而体现拓扑的公平性。该机制同时能够对节点的恶意行为进行有效的抑制,并具有激励性质,鼓励节点提供更好的服务,以获得更高的响应率。分析和仿真结果表明,该机制较之现有机制,在拓扑的有效性和激励性上有较大的提高。     

Fair and distributed peer-to-peer allocation of a common, refillable resource

We consider the general problem of distributed and fair peer-to-peer (P2P) allocation of a common, refillable resource. This problem recurs in a number of scenarios, for example grid computing, content distribution, Internet Service Provider service sharing, and distributed file storage over asymmetric channels. We present several distributed schemes for this allocation problem and show that these schemes guarantee two key properties: (i) asymptotic fairness, in that (even maliciously colluding) users are proportionally assigned resources corresponding to what they contribute; (ii) natural incentive to join and cooperate fairly in the system. We demonstrate the practicability of our approaches on a prototype P2P file storage system designed for typical residential Internet connections, in which download capacities often significantly exceed upload capacities. Our implementation shares file data when communications are idle using random linear codes so that, when needed, an end-user can download a file from several sources at a higher data rate than his home computer’s upload capacity. We present experimental results that support our analytical guarantees.