Critical state model for structured soil

Structure is an evident determinant for macroscopic behaviors of soils. However, this is not taken into account in most constitutive models, as structure is a rather complex issue in models. For this, it is important to develop and implement simple models that can reflect this important aspect of soil behavior. This paper tried to model structured soils based on well-established concepts, such as critical state and sub-loading. Critical state is the core of the classic Cam Clay model. The sub-loading concept implies adoption of an inner (sub-loading) yield surface, according to specific hardening rules for some internal strain-like state variables. Nakai and co-workers proposed such internal variables for controlling density (ρ) and structure (ω), using a modified stress space, called t_ij. Herein, similar variables are used in the context of the better-known invariants (p and q) of the Cam Clay model. This change requires explicit adoption of a non-associated flow rule for the sub-loading surface. This is accomplished by modifying the dilatancy ratio of the Cam Clay model, as a function of the new internal variables. These modifications are described and implemented under three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The model is then applied to simulating laboratory tests under different stress paths and the results are compared to experiments reported for different types of structured soils. The good agreements show the capacity and potential of the proposed model.     

首钢1号高炉增产节焦生产实践

对首钢1号高炉焦炭质量恶化后增产节焦的生产经验进行了总结分析。认为提高入炉原燃料质量，综合优化高炉基本制度，合理控制稳定的操作炉型是保证炉况长期顺稳、实现效益最大化的有效手段。     

DFIT测试在长庆气田开发中的应用

与常规的小型测试压裂不同，流体注入诊断测试（DFIT）是通过关井阶段出现的拟线性流或拟径向流阶段求取储层压力，采用改进的梅耶霍夫方法（M-method）解释储层渗透率。以长庆榆林气田一口开发井为例，依据DFIT的技术原理和测试步骤，对该井测试压降数据进行解释分析，结果可信度较高，证明了该项工艺在长庆低压低渗油气田的可行性。     

有植被的河道水流紊动特性模型试验研究

通过物理模型试验,研究了有植被的河道水流紊动特性.试验结果表明,在复式断面河道滩地种植柔性植被后,滩地糙率增大,水流紊动更为剧烈,河道水流紊动强度峰值由原先的滩槽交界区转移到滩地区.滩地的水流紊动强度沿程递减;滩槽交界区的水流紊动强度沿程不断增大;主槽的水流紊动强度主要与床面糙率有关,滩地植被影响了滩地水流的归槽时间,使主槽水流流速沿程增大.     

Effect of Strain Rate on Discontinuous Flow and Mechanical Characteristics of High-Nitrogenous Steel

Experimental study on the effect of strain rate on discontinuous flow and mechanical characteristics of the high-nitrogenous steel Kh23AG19F has been performed. Within the range of strain rates from 4.62 · 10^-5 to 1.85 · 10 ^-4 s^-1, discontinuous flow, reflected by serration on the tensile diagram, is chiefly determined by intergranular deformation mechanisms. Under strain rates over 1.85 · 10^-2 s^-1, combined deformation modes prevail, which cause a change in the character of discontinuous flow and transform a serrated tensile diagram into a wavy graph, with the yield stress of steel increased significantly.     

大庆长垣西侧扶杨油层油水同层形成及识别

结合松辽盆地大庆长垣西侧扶余、杨大城子油层的勘探实践,从顶生下储的特殊成藏原理出发,详细地讨论了扶余、杨大城子油层的油水层形成机理,提出了2种形成模式。认为扶杨油层的油水同层是在以上覆烃源岩的超压为驱动力的成藏条件下形成,油水混合运移注入储层,由于储层的孔喉小,油水重力分异不好,造成孔隙存油,喉道存水。这种低渗透储层孔隙结构复杂,含油饱和度低,油水在孔隙中分布状况特殊,使得电阻率等曲线反映流体的信息变弱,造成油水层识别变难。为此提出多参数降维油气水层识别方法,经实际应用取得较好的效果。      

大牛地气田气井无阻流量的确定方法研究

大牛地气田气井试井大多采用一点法，由于气层渗透性差，测试时间短，流压很难达到稳定，计算的无阻流量往往偏高，且无法获得正确的产能方程。通过气田多口井修正等时试井数据进行统计分析，获得了一点法试井在不同生产时间下计算无阻流量的经验公式；利用气田修正等时试井的二项式方程系数曰，计算惯性阻力系数并经过曲线回归处理获得了经验关系式，很好地解决了一点法试井计算产能方程的问题。     

基于积分原理的低功耗超声波流量检测方法

文章通过对时差式超声波流量检测方法的分析，提出了基于过零检测技术及积分法的信号处理方法，避免了繁琐的信号处理，降低了整机功耗。结合工作时序的设计，提出了实现低功耗超声波液体流量检测的措施。     

自制煤层气井排采试气流程

根据煤层气井排采试气特点，调研目前各公司煤层气井排采流程的使用情况，结合武MXX多分支水平井产水量高、产气量高的要求，自制一套煤层气排采试气流程，满足大部分井的排采需要。     

FCC装置主风分布管喷嘴磨损的气相流场分析

用FLUENT流体计算软件对FCC装置再生器树枝状分布管喷嘴流场进行了计算,分析了喷嘴发生磨损的机理.对喷嘴流场的计算表明喷嘴磨损是催化剂颗粒造成的,属于气固两相流冲蚀磨损.由于某些喷嘴的压力降偏低和流场存在偏流,造成催化剂颗粒倒流至喷嘴内部或分布支管内部.催化剂颗粒流经喷嘴时,斜向冲击内壁产生冲蚀磨损.磨损首先发生在喷嘴内壁局部区域,形成圆弧状磨损痕迹,再将喷嘴磨穿,逐渐扩大为整个喷嘴,磨掉喷嘴.这些分析结果可为主风分布管的设计提供帮助.