Classification rule discovery for the aviation incidents resulted in fatality

Data mining methods have been successfully applied to different fields. Aviation industry is one of them. There is a large amount of knowledge and data accumulation in aviation industry. These data could be stored in the form of pilot reports, maintenance reports, incident reports or delay reports. This paper explains the data mining application on the incident reports of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Accident/Incident Data System database, contains incident data records for all categories of civil aviation between the years of 2000 and 2006. In this study, we applied data mining methods on the incident reports. Moreover rough sets concept is used to reduce the attributes of data set. The purpose of this application is to find out the effective attributes in order to reduce the number of the fatality in the incidents. The categorization tools and decision trees are used to find the relations and rules about the incidents resulted in fatality. For this purpose data-mining analysis is conducted. As a result some rules about the fatality are obtained and also the parameters that affect the fatality in the incident have determined. The rules found are tested in terms of their accuracy and reliability, and these results are seen to be meaningful.     

Application of VPRS model with enhanced threshold parameter selection mechanism to automatic stock market forecasting and portfolio selection

This study proposes a technique based upon Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) classification theory and related fuzzy theories for choosing an appropriate value of the Variable Precision Rough Set (VPRS) threshold parameter (β) when applied to the classification of continuous information systems. The VPRS model is then combined with a moving Average Autoregressive Exogenous (ARX) prediction model and Grey Systems theory to create an automatic stock market forecasting and portfolio selection mechanism. In the proposed mechanism, financial data are collected automatically every quarter and are input to an ARX prediction model to forecast the future trends of the collected data over the next quarter or half-year period. The forecast data are then reduced using a GM(1, N) model, classified using a FCM clustering algorithm, and then supplied to a VPRS classification module which selects appropriate investment stocks in accordance with a pre-determined set of decision-making rules. Finally, a grey relational analysis technique is employed to weight the selected stocks in such a way as to maximize the rate of return of the stock portfolio. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated using electronic stock data extracted from the financial database maintained by the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ). The portfolio results obtained using the proposed hybrid model are compared with those obtained using a Rough Set (RS) selection model. The effects of the number of attributes of the RS lower approximation set and VPRS β-lower approximation set on the classification are systematically examined and compared. Overall, the results show that the proposed stock forecasting and stock selection mechanism not only yields a greater number of selected stocks in the β-lower approximation set than in the RS approximation set, but also yields a greater rate of return.     

基于β重要度的数据隐含化

为权衡敏感或重要数据的公开及关键内容的隐含间的关系,提出一种基于变精度粗糙集模型中的β重要度和粒度原理的数据隐含方法,通过获取信息表中的重要属性,对次要属性的属性值进行扩展,从而使用户信息的粒度变粗,达到对信息表的数据隐含化效果。仿真实验结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

粗关系数据库查询模型

针对粗关系数据库中数据的特性,提出一种不确定性数据的存储方法。基于汉明距离的一种变式,计算元组间距离,构成距离矩阵,根据距离矩阵将相同或相近的元组归类,从而有效地对表中的元组进行索引。借助粗集中的上、下近似,通过计算用户查询的数据与粗关系数据库中数据的相似度,查询出用户所需的数据。结合以上方法构建粗关系数据库查询模型,设计相应的查询算法并应用于实例中。     

不完备信息系统中对象的相似性刻画

信息系统知识约简与知识发现是粗糙集理论的重要研究方向。通过对不完备信息系统中对象的相似性刻画方式以及相应的粗糙集模型进行对比分析,基于限制容差关系提出了一种新的限制相似关系,建立了基于限制相似关系的粗糙集模型,讨论了模型的基本性质及其与已有模型之间的关系。     

相容关系下的分割知识约简算法的研究

粗糙集理论是一个能有效地删除冗余特征的工具。由于实际应用的数据往往是连续的,并且结构复杂、特征多,现有的粗糙集知识约简方法对真实复杂的数据计算效率较低。为此,首先将相容关系应用于粗糙集的知识约简,再将复杂的信息表纵向分割成简单的缩减表和小规模信息表,然后把缩减表和小规模信息表连接起来进行知识约简。实例表明,提出的方法能够有效提高粗糙集对复杂数据的计算效率。     

财务困境预警的二阶段模型构建与应用

模糊神经网络汇集神经网络和模糊逻辑的优点,能有效避免神经网络的“黑箱”操作,但存在“维数爆炸”现象。将粗糙集和模糊神经网络有机集成,构建财务困境预警的二阶段模型：第一阶段利用粗糙集知识约简对数据集降维消冗,提取最优指标集;第二阶段以最优指标集设计基于模糊神经网络的财务困境预警模型。该模型融合粗糙集和模糊神经网络的特点,能提高网络结构的精练性、启发性和透明性。应用实例的结果表明该模型能有效克服“维数灾难”,避免数据噪声引起的模型过度适应,提高模型预测准确性。     

基于阴影集的粗糙模糊可能性C均值聚类算法

相对于硬聚类算法,软聚类算法可以更好地表示具有不精确边界的类簇。粗糙集和模糊集均是用于描述不确定数据的有效的数学工具,二者互为补充。研究人员已经将粗糙集和模糊集的概念相结合,并应用到聚类算法中,提出了粗糙模糊可能性C均值聚类算法。而文中通过引入阴影集,有效地解决了粗糙模糊可能性C均值聚类算法中的阈值选择问题。     

广义邻域关系下不完备混合决策系统的约简

为了能够直接处理不完备的、数值和符号混合的数据,对相容关系和相对邻域关系进行广义化表示,提出一种新的广义邻域关系。在广义邻域关系下,基于信息熵提出一种适用于不完备混合决策系统的条件熵,并证明基于该条件熵的属性重要性包含基于正区域的属性重要性,进而构造基于该条件熵的启发式属性约简算法。采用UCI数据库中6组混合型属性数据集进行仿真实验,通过对比约简后的属性数目、分类精度和运行时间,验证了该约简算法比同类型的其它算法更准确有效。