Antibacterial properties of selenium nanoparticles and their toxicity to Caco-2 cells

The antibacterial properties of Se NPs were investigated against four foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes). The cytotoxicity of Se NPs was also studied using the Caco-2 cell line. Se NPs at concentrations of 10 μg/mL or higher exhibited dose-dependent antimicrobial properties against S. aureus, but not on the other three pathogens. Se NPs also exhibited various degrees of toxicity on Caco-2 cells after 24 h of exposure. Cellular shrinkage and irregular shapes of treated bacterial cells indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Se NPs are bacteriostatic, not bactericidal. This is the first study to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Se NPs against important foodborne pathogens. The results of this study demonstrate that Se NPs can be used as an antimicrobial agent to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and can be potentially used for food safety applications.     

Effect of dietary selenium on the progression of heart failure in the ageing spontaneously hypertensive rat

Oxidative stress has been directly implicated in hypertension and myocardial remodelling, two pathologies fundamental to the development of chronic heart failure. Selenium (Se) can act directly and indirectly as an antioxidant and a lowered Se status leads to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined the role of Se on the development of hypertension and subsequent progression to chronic heart failure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Three dietary groups were studied: (i) Se‐free; (ii) normal Se (50 μg Se/kg food); and (iii) high Se (1000 μg Se/kg food). Systolic blood pressure and echocardiography were used to detect cardiac changes in vivo. At study end, cardiac tissues were assayed for glutathione peroxidase activity, thioredoxin reductase activity, and protein carbonyls. The major finding of this study was the high heart failure‐related mortality rate in SHRs fed an Se‐free diet (70%). Normal and high levels of dietary Se resulted in higher survival rates of 78 and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, high dietary Se was clearly associated with lower levels of cardiac oxidative damage and increased antioxidant expression, as well as a reduction in disease severity and mortality in the SHR.     

硒(Ⅳ)—邻苯二胺配合物体系的单扫描示波极谱法研究

本文研究了硒(Ⅳ)—邻苯二胺配合物的单扫描极谱行为,发现在Britton—Robinson(pH28),介质中,在溶液中生成的苤硒脑在滴汞电极上于—0.17v处产生一敏锐的配合物吸附波,同时确定了配合物的形成及其测定条件,并就其电极过程机理进行了初步探讨。在最适条件下,硒(Ⅳ)浓度在3.0×10~()-s～4.0×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3)范围内与峰电流成良好的线性关系,本法的检测限为1.5×10~(-s)mol·dm~(-3)。     

Mercury and selenium concentrations in the internal organs of toothed whales and dolphins marketed for human consumption in Japan

Small cetaceans (toothed whales odontoceti and dolphins delphinidae) have been traditionally hunted along the coast of Japan and fresh red meat and blubber, as well as boiled internal organs such as liver, kidney, lung and small intestine, are still being sold for human consumption. We surveyed mercury contamination in boiled liver, kidney and lung products marketed in Japan between 1999-2001. The average +/- S.D. of total mercury (T-Hg) was 370 +/- 525 (range: 7.60 approximately 1980, n = 26) microg/g in liver, 40.5 +/- 48.5 (7.30-95.1, n = 15) microg/g in kidney and 42.8 +/- 43.8 (2.10-79.6, n = 23) microg/g in lung. A high correlation was observed between T-Hg and selenium (Se) concentrations in these organs, supporting the formation of a Hg-Se complex. The formation of a Hg-Se complex probably contribute to the detoxification of Hg for cetaceans and allows a very large accumulation of Hg in livers. The provisional permitted level of T-Hg in marine foods set by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare is 0.4 microg/ g, and the provisional permitted weekly intake (PTWI) set by WHO is 5 microg/kg bw/week. The maximal T-Hg detected in boiled liver (1,980 microg/g) exceeds the permitted level by approximately 5,000 times and the consumption of only 0.15 g of liver exceeds the PTWI of 60 kg of body weight of the consumer, suggesting the possibility of an acute intoxication by T-Hg even after a single consumption of the product.     

黔中地区水稻土的含硒量及其对糙米硒含量的影响

通过贵州开阳县水稻土硒含量特征和该区水稻硒含量之间关系的调查研究表明:开阳县水稻土水溶性硒含量高于一般水稻土水溶性硒的临界值(0.01μgg-1),这与该区的成土母质、地形等因素有关。富硒水稻土使水稻对硒的吸收增加,该县出产的稻米硒含量普遍比贵州省其它地区高,平均含硒量高于粮食硒的正常含量范围(0.04~0.07μgg-1)。水稻地上各部分含硒量存在差异,糠、秸秆中的含硒量高于糙米,糙米含硒量与土壤硒含量的相关性达极显著水平(r=0.7861*,P<0.05)。     

硒从土壤向食物链的迁移

硒是生物必需的微量营养元素 ,已经得到公认 ,硒从土壤向食物链的迁移状况直接关系到动物和人的健康。通过食物链 ,动物和人获得适合于健康需求的硒是最为安全和可行的     

Effect of Drying Process Parameters on Dehydrated Cabbage Enriched with Selenium

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) enriched with selenium through foliar spraying was used to study the effect of drying process on its selenium retention and other quality criteria. Parameters such as blanching, seasoning, temperature, pH, and time of treatment were studied and evaluated to obtain an optimal processing condition for dehydrated selenium-enriched cabbage. After blanching, the barrier for mass and heat transfer of cabbage cellular materials became lower so that the heat damage was high. Blanching parameters set at 95°C and 60 s retained selenium and vitamin C in cabbage best as well as inactivated enzymes present in cabbage. Seasoning reduced the water activity of cabbage and subsequently reduced the loss of selenium. Blanching and seasoning could prevent browning deterioration of cabbage and reasonably kept the fresh color. The selenium loss kinetics during drying obeyed the first-order reaction and its activation energy was 44.0 kJ mol^?1.     

Determination of trace selenium on hanging copper amalgam drop electrode

Hanging copper amalgam drop electrode has been applied for trace determination of selenium by cathodic stripping analysis. Detection limit for Se(IV) as low as 0.25 nM (0.02 μg L⁻¹) at deposition time (120 s) could be obtained. For seven successive determinations of Se(IV) at concentration of 5 nM relative standard deviation was 2.3% (n = 7). Interferences from selected metals and surfactant substances were examined. Absence of copper ions in sample solution causes easier optimization and makes method less vulnerable on contamination. The developed method was validated by analysis of certified reference materials (BCRs) and applied to selenium determinations in natural water samples, snow, mushrooms and ox liver.     

芝麻饼（渣）蛋白硒性质及提取条件的研究

本文研究了芝麻饼（渣）中含硒量、生物效能、生物效能、溶解性、分布及存在形式等性质 。用Ｄ型大柱凝胶电泳分析其可溶性蛋白硒络合分子量范围为２１ＫＤ－３０ＫＤ。提取条件效应综合预测数学模型为：Ｙ１＝０．４６４７Ａ＋１０．０６３７Ｃ＋３６．８１４５Ｄ＋０．１５６７Ｅ－３２．７８４８，＆２＝０．００６８Ａ＋０．００２５Ｂ－０．４２５０Ｄ＋）．１６７０。     

原子荧光光谱法测定苹果醋中的硒

建立了原子荧光光谱法测定苹果醋中硒的分析方法,并对HNO3-HClO4和HNO3-H2O2两种消化体系进行了比较.方法线性范围0～200 μg/L,相关系数0.999 9,检出限分别为0.134 μg/L和0.159 μg/L,回收率分别为96.0%和102.0%.