微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定中药中的砷和硒

建立了微波消解-原子荧光光谱测定中药中砷和硒含量的方法。该方法测定砷和硒的检出限分别为0.087μg/L和0.123μg/L,荧光强度与砷及硒的质量浓度在0~200μg/L及0~100μg/L范围内呈线性关系。用于中药中砷和硒的测定,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于3.6%,砷的回收率在95.2%~102.8%之间,硒的回收率在94.5%~104.8%之间。     

富硒双歧杆菌中硒的赋存形态及分布

研究富硒动物双歧杆菌01中硒的赋存形态和分布。对动物双歧杆菌01进行富硒培养,然后从富硒菌体中分离核酸、多糖和蛋白质,并应用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离富硒菌体中的硒蛋白组分,采用氢化物原子吸收(HG-AAS)法测定硒含量。结果表明,动物双歧杆菌01能够吸收16.7%-39.6%的无机硒并将其大部分转化为有机硒;蛋白硒是富硒动物双歧杆菌01中硒的主要赋存形态,有机硒在蛋白质、多糖和核酸中的分布依次为:蛋白硒>多糖硒>核酸硒;在蛋白硒中,硒主要分布在分子量不超过20ku的蛋白或肽链中。     

Distribution of selenium and phenolics in buckwheat plants grown from seeds soaked in Se solution and under different levels of UV-B radiation

Seeds of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) were soaked in water, sodium selenate (5, 10 or 20 mg Se^VI/L), or sodium selenite (10 or 20 mg Se^IV/L) solutions. Plants grown from soaked seeds were exposed to reduced UV-B radiation, ambient, or enhanced UV-B. The mass fraction of selenium in leaves was much higher in plants obtained from seeds soaked with selenate (up to 185 ng/g) in comparison to selenite (up to 103 ng/g). In plants obtained from seeds soaked in water, regardless of UV-B levels, the highest concentration of selenium was found in leaves, where the values were between 45 and 66 ng Se/g. In buckwheat leaves 44.5–63.6 mg/100 g d.m. of fagopyrin was found, and in stems 14.3–26.4 mg/100 g d.m.; here no influence of seed soaking solution or UV-B exposure was found. The content of total flavonoids in leaves was 7.8–15.9% and in stems 1.4–4.1%.     

Response of antioxidant enzymes in freshwater fish populations (Leuciscus alburnoides complex) to inorganic pollutants exposure

Evidence is accumulating indicating the importance of antioxidant enzyme activity measurements in eco-toxicological studies, as they may constitute markers for exposure to a large variety of pollutants. Variation of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) and the effect of heavy metals and selenium exposure on these enzymes were investigated in the livers of Iberian endemic minnows (Leuciscus alburnoides complex) captured in a copper (Cu) mining area. Higher hepatic levels of copper and selenium were always observed in fish captured at the polluted site relative to the reference area population, reflecting the environmental monitoring results. A seasonal fluctuation in zinc and selenium levels for both populations was also observed which could be related to gonad maturation. The activity of SOD did not show significant regional alterations, but a seasonal variation occurred presumably associated with the Leuciscus life cycle. The GST activity was higher in the fish population from the polluted area (except in spring) and GST variability was associated with selenium and copper levels when both regions were compared. The increased GST activity was probably a metabolic adaptation to the continuous exposure to higher levels of those elements.     

Structural, optical and electrical characterization of selenium sulphide nanostructured thin film

Thin film of selenium sulphide (Se₇₅S₂₅) has been prepared using inert-gas consolidation (IGC) method and micro-structural, optical and electrical measurements were carried out on the film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show that the deposited film is well adherent and grains are uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the film is polycrystalline nature with single phase and crystallizes in the orthorhombic structure. The field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) revealed the uniform dispersion and an average particle size of 20 nm. Analysis of the optical absorption data indicates that the optical band gap E_opt of this film obeys Tauc's relation for the allowed non-direct transition with energy gap is 2.48 eV. Electrical conduction measurements also show the presence of two distinct phases of the materials and characteristic changes in transport properties due to the nanosize of the materials.     

Effects of heat treatments on the properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles

Effects of heat treatment in nitrogen or Se atmosphere on the properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) nanoparticles were investigated to extract optimum sintering conditions for fabrication of solar cell applicable CIGS absorber films. In nitrogen atmosphere, as the temperature increases from 100 to 400 °C the intensity of X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks corresponding to the (1 1 2), (2 2 0) and (3 1 2) planes of the chalcopyrite CIGS increases, and the peak positions shift to lower angle regions without any particle growth in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, which is in consistent with the significant In and Ga loss in the EDS data. When the temperature further goes up to 500 °C, parts of CIGS are decomposed and Cu and CuSe₂ phases are observed. From these results, the heat treatment in nitrogen atmosphere is found to have no beneficial effect on the sintering of the particles and only induces loss of In and Ga. On the other hand, heat treatment in Se atmosphere at a substrate temperature of 550 °C with Se vapor evaporated at 250 and 450 °C provided much enhanced growth of the particles, specially up to 500 nm at 450 °C, and increased crystallinity without In or Ga loss, reflecting that Se supply played a critical role in the growth of the CIGS nanoparticles.     

土壤-植物系统中硒的浸提形态研究进展

硒是环境中重要的生命元素,对人和动植物体的健康有重大的影响。本文结合国内外的最新研究进展,对土壤-植物系统中硒的浸提形态做了较为详细的综述。首先,重点介绍了目前研究较多的土壤硒的浸提形态,然后介绍了植物中硒的浸提形态,最后展望了硒在浸提技术上的发展趋势,以便为今后的研究提供参考。     

武汉市常用食物中硒含量的测定

为了了解武汉市常用食物中硒的含量,采用极谱法测定了12种食物中的硒含量(粮食类4,干豆类6,花生仁(生)1,猪肉(瘦)1),测定结果:标一米0.0597ppm,上白粉0.0992ppm,糯米0.454ppm,粟米0.141ppm,蚕豆0.154ppm,绿豆0.0598ppm,黄豆0.230ppm,红豆0.170ppm,豌豆0.118ppm,青豆0.0166ppm,猪肉(瘦)0.396ppm.与北京市食物中硒含量相比:大米中硒含量极为近似,而面粉、黄豆、猪肉中硒含量则武汉市的较高.     

Selenium框架的反爬虫程序设计与实现

随着爬虫技术的发展,越来越多的网站加入了反爬虫技术。本文应用Python语言和Selenium框架设计一个爬虫程序,并在文中加入了反爬虫机制。该程序成功爬取了淘宝商品名称和价格等信息,并对所爬取的信息进行存储。结果表明,本文的爬虫程序可以绕过淘宝的反爬虫验证,且可以准确地获取所需的商品清单和得到商品的相关信息。     

Selenium species in buckwheat cultivated with foliar addition of Se(VI) and various levels of UV-B radiation

Common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) buckwheat was treated by spraying the leaves with a water solution containing 15 mg Se per litre in the form of sodium selenate in the flowering period. The selenium content in all parts of plant was found to be less than 200 ng g⁻¹ in non-treated and in the range 2700–4650 ng g⁻¹ in selenium treated buckwheat. Exposure to UV-B radiation lead to higher Se accumulation in flowers of both Se enriched cultivars. For speciation analysis enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out, separation and detection of selenium species was performed by high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet treatment–hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC–UV–HG-AFS). In flowers and leaves, on average 11% of the Se content was soluble and in the form of Se(VI), representing between 0.6% (flowers) and 3% (leaves) of the Se content. The remaining soluble non-amino acid organic Se was not detected by HPLC–UV–HG-AFS. In seeds 93% of the selenium content was found in the extracts and the main selenium species was SeMet with 93 ± 5% relative to the selenium content.